TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 41. Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea and Clostridium difficile-Associated Disease
A1  - Valiquette, Louis
A1  - Pépin, Jacques
A2  - Shah, Samir S.
PY  - 2009
T2  - Pediatric Practice: Infectious Disease
AB  - Antibiotic-associated  diarrhea  (AAD)  or  unexplained  diarrhea  occurring  with  the  administration  of  antibiotics  is  a  common  complication  of  antimicrobial  therapy,  for  which  several  underlying  mechanisms  have  been  proposed:  (1)  disturbance  of  the  normal  intestinal  flora,  (2)  allergic  and/or  toxic  effects  of  the  drug  on  the  intestinal  mucosa,  (3)  pharmacologic  effects  on  motility,  and  (4)  overgrowth  of  toxin-producing  Clostridium  difficile.C.  difficile–associated  disease  (CDAD)  is  an  infection  of  the  colon  that  develops  almost  exclusively  in  the  setting  of  antimicrobial  use  and  is  associated  with  a  wide  spectrum  of  symptoms,  from  mild  diarrhea  to  pseudomembranous  colitis,  and  in  some  cases  toxic  megacolon  and  death.  Pseudomembranous  colitis,  characterized  by  severe  inflammation  of  the  inner  lining  of  the  colon  with  the  formation  of  pseudomembranous  material,  is  usually  caused  by  C.  difficile  infection.  Other  toxin-producing  pathogens  have  been  associated  with  AAD,  like  Staphylococcus  aureus,1Clostridium  perfringens,1  and  Klebsiella  oxytoca,2  but  they  remain  infrequent.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=6908309
ER  -