TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 20. Infectious Disease
A1  - Lowry, Adam W.
A1  - Bhakta, Kushal Y.
A1  - Nag, Pratip K.
Y1  - 2011
N1  - 
T2  - Texas Children's Hospital Handbook of Pediatrics and Neonatology
AB  - Table  Graphic  Jump  Location|Download  (.pdf)|PrintPenicillinsBactericidal:  Inhibit  bacterial  cell  wall  synthesis  via  competitive  inhibition  of  transpeptidaseClassExamplesAntimicrobial  SpectrumAdverse  EffectsMiscellaneousNarrow  spectrum  (β-lactamase  susceptible)Penicillin  G  (IV)Benzathine  penicillin  G  (IM)Procaine  penicillin  G  (IM)Penicillin  V  (PO)Streptococcus  Group  A,  B,  viridansMost  Streptococcus  pneumoniaeTreponema  pallidumNeisseria  meningitidisActinomyces  spp.Pasteurella  multocidaSome  anaerobesAnaphylaxisRashDrug  feverBone  marrow  suppressionHemolytic  anemiaInterstitial  nephritisRenal  impairmentPenicillin  V  is  acid  stable  in  the  stomachResistance  caused  by  degradation  of  antibiotic  by  bacterial  penicillinasesAminopenicillinsAmpicillin  (IV,  IM,  PO)Amoxicillin  (PO)Streptococcus  Group  A,  B,  viridansS.  pneumoniaeEnterococcus  spp.Listeria  monocytogenesHaemophilus  influenzae  if  β-lactamase  negativeKingella  kingaeSome  gram-  negative  organisms:  Escherichia  coli,  Salmonella  spp.,  Shigella  spp.,  Proteus  spp.GI  disturbanceElevated  LFTsBone  marrow  suppressionHemolytic  anemiaAllergic  reactionRenal  impairmentBetter  PO  with  amoxicillin  than  ampicillinβ-Lactamase  resistant  (antistaphylococcal  penicillins)Nafcillin  (IV)Oxacillin  (IV)Dicloxacillin  (PO)S.  aureus  (MSSA)Streptococcus  Group  A,  B,  viridansS.  pneumoniaeInterstitial  nephritisRenal  impairmentHepatic  toxicityBone  marrow  suppressionAllergic  reactionNo  activity  against  gram-negative  organismsNafcillin  causes  more  phlebitis  than  oxacillin  (decreased  with  slow  infusion,  large-gauge  IV)Antipseudomonal  penicillinsPiperacillin  (IV)Ticarcillin  (IV)Carbenicillin  (PO)Pseudomonas  aeruginosaStreptococcus  Group  A,  B,  viridansS.  pneumoniaeEnterococcus  spp.Some  gram-negative  →  Escherichia  coli,  Enterobacter  spp.,  Salmonella  spp.,  Shigella  spp.,  Proteus  spp.,  Citrobacter  spp.,  Haemophilus  spp.Neisseria  spp.Platelet  dysfunctionHigh  Na  loadHypokalemiaSerum  sicknessBone  marrow  suppressionRenal  impairmentS.  viridans  and  Enterococci  are  only  30%-60%  susceptiblePenicillin  +  β-lactamase  inhibitorAmoxicillin  +  clavulanate  (PO)Ticarcillin  +  clavulanate  (IV)Ampicillin  +  sulbactam  (IV)Piperacillin  +  tazobactam  (IV)Streptococcus  Group  A,  B,  viridansS.  pneumoniaeEnterococcus  spp.S.  aureus  (MSSA)Gram-negative  organisms:  E.  coli,  Klebsiella  spp.,  Salmonella  spp.,  Shigella  spp.,  Proteus  spp.,  Aeromonas  spp.,  Pasteurella  multocidaP.  aeruginosa  (piperacillin/tazobactam  and  ticarcillin/  clavulanate)AnaerobesGI  disturbanceDiarrhea  (especially  amoxicillin/clavulanate)RashRenal  impairmentS.  viridans  and  Enterococci  are  only  30%–60%  susceptible  to  ticarcillin/clavulanate  and  piperacillin/tazobactam  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/24
UR  - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7441352
ER  -