TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 33. Dermatology
A1  - Lowry, Adam W.
A1  - Bhakta, Kushal Y.
A1  - Nag, Pratip K.
Y1  - 2011
N1  - 
T2  - Texas Children's Hospital Handbook of Pediatrics and Neonatology
AB  - Table  Graphic  Jump  Location|Download  (.pdf)|PrintDiseaseDescriptionCourseTreatmentOtherErythema  toxicumErythematous  macules,  papules,  pustules,  vesicles,  or  wheals  on  the  face,  torso,  proximal  limbs,  and  buttocksSpares  palms  and  soles24–48  h  after  birth,  may  be  seen  ≤2  wk  of  ageResolve  spontaneously  and  heal  without  sequelaeNoneAffects  50%  of  full-term  neonatesEosinophils  on  Wright's  stain  of  pustulesTransient  neonatal  pustular  melanosisFragile,  superficial  pustules;  no  erythemaAfter  rupture  →  collarette  of  scale  and  hyperpigmentationWidespread,  including  the  palms  and  solesPresent  at  birthHyperpigmentation  may  last  several  monthsNoneAffects  darker-skinned,  full-term  neonatesSterile  subcorneal  neutrophilic  pustulesMiliaria  crystallineSmall,  flaccid  vesicles  on  the  forehead,  neck,  upper  trunk,  and  occluded  areasSometimes  present  at  birthAvoid  overheating  and  overswaddlingCaused  by  obstruction  of  eccrine  sweat  ducts  near  the  surface  of  the  skinMiliaria  rubraSmall  erythematous  papules  and  pustules  on  the  forehead,  neck,  upper  trunk,  and  occluded  areasUsually  after  first  wk  of  lifeAvoid  overheating  and  overswaddlingCaused  by  obstruction  of  eccrine  sweat  ducts  in  the  deeper  layer  of  the  epidermisMilia1-  to  2-mm  white  or  yellow  epidermoid  cysts  usually  on  the  faceUsually  resolve  by  age  1  moNoneIf  seen  on  palate,  known  as  Epstein's  Pearls.Neonatal  cephalic  pustulosis  (neonatal  acne)Discrete,  noncomedonal  papules  or  pustules  on  an  erythematous  baseUsually  on  the  cheeks;  also  on  the  forehead,  chin,  eyelids,  neck,  upper  chest,  and  scalpOnset  during  first  2–3  wk  of  life;  spontaneously  resolves  within  weeksNone  necessary;  may  be  improved  with  topical  clotrimazoleMay  be  caused  by  Malassezia  spp.Acropustulosis  of  infancyCrops  of  acral,  pruritic  vesicles  and  pustules  on  the  hands,  wrists,  feet,  and  anklesMay  present  in  the  neonatal  period  but  usually  at  3–6  mo  of  ageLast  1–2  wk  and  recur  in  3–4  wkLess  frequent  relapses  with  age;  complete  resolution  usually  by  age  3  yrTopical  corticosteroids  or  oral  antihistaminesIf  severe,  consider  dapsoneSome  pts  respond  to  oral  erythromycinMust  exclude  scabies  (burrows,  genital  involvement);  microscopic  exam  of  scrapingNevus  sebaceousHairless,  thin,  orange  plaque  on  the  scalp  or  face;  may  be  seen  on  the  neck  or  trunkProgressive  thickening  and  a  verrucous  appearanceObservation;  complete  excision  for  cosmesis<1%  develop  secondary  basal  cell  carcinomaCongenital  melanocytic  nevusTan  or  brown,  oval  plaques;  sometimes  hairyCommensurate  growth  with  age;  occasionally  regressMay  become  verrucous  with  pigment  changesYearly  skin  check  for  changesConsider  bx  and  excision  based  on  clinical  changes,  melanoma  risk,  location,  age,  and  FHGiant  nevi  with  greater  risk  of  melanoma  progressionNeurocutaneous  melanocytosis  with  some  larger  scalp  or  axial  lesionsNevus  simplex  or  macular  (vascular)  stain  (salmon  patch,  angel  kiss,  stork  bite)Salmon  pink,  vascular  patch  commonly  on  the  forehead,  upper  eyelids,  or  nape  of  the  neckMay  become  more  prominent  with  crying;  blanches  with  pressureMost  fade  or  resolve  spontaneously,  but  neck  lesions  usually  persistNone  necessary;  pulsed-dye  laser  for  cosmesisMongolian  spot  (dermal  melanocytosis)Bluish  patches  often  on  the  lumbosacral  or  buttock  areasSeen  more  commonly  in  patients  with  darker  skin  and  AsiansMost  fade  with  timeNoneDocument  in  newborn  skin  exam  to  avoid  misdiagnosis  of  bruising  or  child  abuseDiffuse  or  unusual  distribution  may  suggest  systemic  involvement  (eg,  storage  disease,  phakomatosis  pigmentovascularis)  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7450989
ER  -