RT Book, Section
A1 Hay, Jr, William W.
A1 Levin, Myron J.
A1 Deterding, Robin R.
A1 Abzug, Mark J.
SR Print(0)
ID 1145455068
T1 Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
T2 Quick Medical Diagnosis & Treatment Pediatrics
YR 2017
FD 2017
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781264257614
LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1145455068
RD 2024/04/24
AB Central  DI  is  an  inability  to  synthesize  and  release  vasopressinWithout  vasopressin,  the  kidneys  cannot  concentrate  urine,  causing  excessive  urinary  water  lossMost  common  causesMidline  defects  (septo-optic  dysplasia,  holoprosencephaly)Trauma  (surgery,  injury)Infiltrative/neoplastic  disease  (tumors  such  as  craniopharyngioma,  germinoma,  Langerhans  cell  histiocytosis,  sarcoidosis)Infectious  (meningitis)IdiopathicTraumatic  DI  often  has  three  phasesInitially  caused  by  edema  in  the  hypothalamus  or  pituitary  areaIn  2–5  days,  unregulated  release  of  vasopressin  from  dying  neurons  causes  the  syndrome  of  inappropriate  secretion  of  antidiuretic  hormone  (SIADH)Finally,  permanent  DI  occurs  if  a  sufficient  number  of  vasopressin  neurons  are  destroyedOf  note,  germinomas  often  present  with  DI,  whereas  DI  in  craniopharyngioma  is  more  often  the  result  of  neurosurgical  intervention