RT Book, Section
A1 Chavira, Denise A.
A2 Rudolph, Colin D.
A2 Rudolph, Abraham M.
A2 Lister, George E.
A2 First, Lewis R.
A2 Gershon, Anne A.
SR Print(0)
ID 6738463
T1 Chapter 88. Anxiety
T2 Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22e
YR 2011
FD 2011
PB The McGraw-Hill Companies
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-149723-7
LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=6738463
RD 2024/04/20
AB Fear  is  an  emotional  response  that  is  a  normal  part  of  development  and  essential  to  human  survival.  It  is  both  protective  and  adaptive.  In  times  of  danger  or  anticipated  risk,  the  sympathetic  nervous  system  is  activated  and  prepares  the  body  to  fight  or  flee  the  dangerous  situation.  Fear  is  short  lived,  which  makes  it  different  from  mood  states  such  as  anxiety.  Anxiety  is  often  thought  of  as  a  secondary  emotion  in  response  to  a  primary  emotional  reaction  (eg,  fear).  For  example,  people  become  anxious  if  they  are  fearful  about  a  specific  event,  object,  or  situation  and  anticipate  negative  outcomes.  Anxiety  requires  more  cognitive  capacities  than  fear.  The  fight-flight  response  may  be  activated  when  anxiety  and  fear  appear  even  when  there  is  no  real  danger  but  negative  outcomes  are  anticipated.  Such  anticipatory  fear,  when  persistent  and  pervasive,  extends  beyond  normative  levels  of  fear  and  anxiety  and  can  be  debilitating.