RT Book, Section
A1 Lucio, Simon J.
A2 Schafermeyer, Robert
A2 Tenenbein, Milton
A2 Macias, Charles G.
A2 Sharieff, Ghazala Q.
A2 Yamamoto, Loren G.
SR Print(0)
ID 1105683715
T1 Vomiting, Diarrhea, and Gastroenteritis
T2 Strange and Schafermeyer's Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 4e
YR 2014
FD 2014
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-182926-7
LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1105683715
RD 2024/04/19
AB Vomiting  and  diarrhea  due  to  acute  infectious  gastroenteritis  remains  one  of  the  most  common  etiologies  of  childhood  morbidity  and  mortality,  especially  in  impoverished  countries.Bilious  vomiting  in  a  neonate  raises  suspicion  for  bowel  obstruction,  especially  malrotation,  with  or  without  a  volvulus.Life-threatening  causes  of  vomiting  include  bowel  obstructions,  increased  intracranial  pressure,  diabetic  ketoacidosis,  and  inborn  errors  of  metabolism.Life-threatening  causes  of  diarrhea  include  toxic  megacolon  and  Escherichia  coli  0157.Most  dehydrated  patients  with  gastroenteritis  can  be  treated  with  oral  rehydration  solutions  that  now  contain  lower  concentrations  of  glucose  and  sodium.Most  cases  of  acute  gastroenteritis  are  viral  in  nature  and  resolve  with  minimal  intervention  and  without  antibiotic  therapy.Ondansetron  can  facilitate  oral  rehydration  therapy  (ORT)  and  decrease  the  need  for  IV  therapy.Rotavirus  is  the  most  common  cause  of  infectious  diarrhea  worldwide  and  the  leading  cause  of  infant  death  in  the  developing  world.New  vaccines  against  rotavirus  are  safe  and  effective  and  have  decreased  morbidity  and  mortality  associated  with  rotavirus  gastroenteritis.Campylobacter  are  the  most  common  cause  of  bacterial  gastroenteritis  in  developed  countries  and  have  been  implicated  as  one  of  the  cause  of  traveler's  diarrhea.