RT Book, Section
A1 Van Meurs, Krisa
A1 Davis, Alexis
A2 Stevenson, David K.
A2 Cohen, Ronald S.
A2 Sunshine, Philip
SR Print(0)
ID 1109798608
T1 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
T2 Neonatology: Clinical Practice and Procedures
YR 2015
FD 2015
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071763769
LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1109798608
RD 2024/04/19
AB Extracorporeal  membrane  oxygenation  (ECMO)  is  the  use  of  prolonged  extracorporeal  circulation  and  gas  exchange  via  a  modified  heart-lung  machine  to  provide  temporary  life  support  in  patients  with  cardiac  or  respiratory  failure  who  are  refractory  to  maximum  ventilatory  and  medical  management.  ECMO  allows  the  lungs  to  rest  and  recover  while  avoiding  the  damaging  effects  of  aggressive  mechanical  ventilation,  including  barotrauma  and  oxygen  toxicity.  The  first  successful  use  of  extracorporeal  support  in  a  newborn  was  reported  in  1976  by  Dr.  Robert  Bartlett.1  Subsequent  data  suggested  that  ECMO  provided  improved  survival  when  compared  with  historical  controls2,3;  however,  only  2  small  trials  with  adaptive  designs  were  performed  prior  to  widespread  use  of  ECMO.4,5  The  UK  Collaborative  ECMO  Trial,  published  in  1996,  confirmed  that  ECMO  significantly  reduced  mortality  when  compared  with  standard  medical  care  (32%  vs  59%,  relative  risk  0.55;  95%  confidence  interval  0.36–0.80)  with  improved  survival  in  all  diagnostic  categories.6