Continued improvements in neuroimaging and neuromonitoring have added insight into the developing brain and helped the clinician to identify infants at risk for poor neurologic outcome. However, available techniques continue to be limited in their ability to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes accurately. Moreover, given the enormous plasticity of the neonate's brain, even significant detectable defects may result in “normal” neurodevelopmental outcomes. Nevertheless, imaging and monitoring modalities hold future promise in assisting clinicians to better identify patients at risk for neurodevelopmental sequelae.