No specific therapy for human enteroviruses or parechoviruses exists. Overall care involves supportive measures, close observation for organ-specific disease (eg, meningitis, myocarditis), and diagnostic testing to confirm infection. In cases of severe neonatal disease, high-dose human immune globulin has been suggested, but depending on antibody per lot of immune globulin, efficacy varies. Prophylactic immune globulin has been reported to be helpful in controlling hospital nursery outbreaks of enterovirus disease. Observation for bacterial colonization and secondary infection is appropriate, especially for staphylococcal disease. If fulminate hepatic disease is present, oral neomycin therapy to minimize gut flora may be beneficial. Currently the safety and efficacy of the antiviral drug pleconaril is being studied in neonatal viremia.