Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content +++ Key Features ++ Defined as a slit-like tear in the squamous epithelium of the anus that usually occurs secondary to the passage of large, hard fecal masses, typically at the superior and inferior aspects of the anus Anal stenosis, anal crypt abscess, and trauma can be contributory factors Sexual abuse must be considered in children with large, irregular, or multiple anal fissures The infant or child with anal fissure typically cries with defecation and will try to hold back stools +++ Clinical Findings ++ May be the presenting sign of Crohn disease in older children Sparse, bright red bleeding is seen on the outside of the stool or on the toilet tissue following defecation +++ Diagnosis ++ Can often be seen if the patient is examined in a knee-chest position with the buttocks spread apart When a fissure cannot be identified, it is essential to rule out other causes of rectal bleeding such as juvenile polyp perianal inflammation due to group A β-hemolytic streptococcus inflammatory bowel disease +++ Treatment ++ Should be treated promptly to break the constipation, fissure, pain, retention, and constipation cycle A stool softener should be given Warm Sitz baths after defecation may be helpful Rarely, silver nitrate cauterization or surgery is indicated Anal surgery should be avoided in patients with Crohn disease because of the high risk of recurrence and progression after surgery Your Access profile is currently affiliated with [InstitutionA] and is in the process of switching affiliations to [InstitutionB]. Please select how you would like to proceed. Keep the current affiliation with [InstitutionA] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Switch affiliation to [InstitutionB] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Error: Incorrect UserName or Password Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Sign in Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Download the Access App: iOS | Android Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth You already have access! Please proceed to your institution's subscription. Create a free profile for additional features.