Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content ++ Key Features ++ Consists of incomplete fibrous ankylosis (usually bilateral) of many or all joints of the body Affects both sexes equally and occurs in approximately 1 in 2000–3000 live births ++ Clinical Findings ++ Upper extremity contractures usually consist of Adduction of the shoulders Extension of the elbows Flexion of the wrists Stiff, straight fingers with poor muscle control of the thumbs Common deformities of the lower extremities include Dislocation of the hips Extension contractures of the knees Severe club feet Joints are fusiform and the joint capsules are decreased in volume due to lack of movement during fetal development Muscle development is poor and may be represented only by fibrous bands ++ Diagnosis ++ Clinical ++ Treatment ++ Passive mobilization of joints is the early treatment Removable splints combined with vigorous therapy are the most effective conservative treatment However, surgical release of the affected joints is often necessary Clubfoot associated with arthrogryposis is very stiff and nearly always requires surgical correction Knee surgery, including capsulotomy, osteotomy, and tendon lengthening, is used to correct deformities GET ACCESS TO THIS RESOURCE Sign In Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Forgot Username? Forgot Password? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth Get Free Access Through Your Institution Contact your institution's library to ask if they subscribe to McGraw-Hill Medical Products. Access My Subscription GET ACCESS TO THIS RESOURCE Subscription Options Pay Per View Timed Access to all of AccessPediatrics 24 Hour $34.95 (USD) Buy Now 48 Hour $54.95 (USD) Buy Now Best Value AccessPediatrics Full Site: One-Year Individual Subscription $595 USD Buy Now View All Subscription Options