Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content ++ Cyclospora cayetanensis is the only species known to infect humans Cyclosporiasis is seen in three main epidemiologic settings Sporadic cases in endemic areas (particularly Haiti, Guatemala, Peru, and Nepal) Travelers to endemic areas Food- or water-borne outbreaks in nonendemic areas, particularly in relation to importation of fresh produce Incubation period is approximately 7 days (range 2–14 days) +++ Clinical Findings ++ May be asymptomatic Diarrhea Can be mild to moderate self-limited diarrhea or cause protracted or severe In immunocompetent persons, usually lasts 10–25 days but may be followed by a relapsing pattern that can last several months Defined as 5–15 movements per day Usually watery, sometimes explosive Often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, and bloating Profound fatigue, anorexia, and myalgias have been reported Infection can be unusually severe in immunocompromised patients, especially those with HIV/AIDS Although the illness is self-limited, it may last for several weeks +++ Diagnosis ++ Diagnosis is based on finding oocysts 8–10 mm in diameter on examination of stool specimens stained with acid-fast stain Polymerase chain reaction of stool is available at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and some reference laboratories +++ Treatment ++ Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 7 days Your MyAccess profile is currently affiliated with '[InstitutionA]' and is in the process of switching affiliations to '[InstitutionB]'. Please click ‘Continue’ to continue the affiliation switch, otherwise click ‘Cancel’ to cancel signing in. Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Forgot Username? Forgot Password? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth