Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content +++ Key Features ++ Medical emergency Classified as Convulsive (the common tonic-clonic, or grand mal, status epilepticus) Nonconvulsive (characterized by altered mental status or behavior with subtle or absent motor components) Absence status, or spike-wave stupor, and focal status epilepticus are examples of the nonconvulsive type +++ Clinical Findings ++ Usually defined as a clinical or electrical seizure lasting at least 15 minutes, or a series of seizures without complete recovery over a 30-minute period After 30 minutes of seizure activity, hypoxia and acidosis occur, with depletion of energy stores, cerebral edema, and structural damage Eventually, high fever, hypotension, respiratory depression, and even death may occur +++ Diagnosis ++ An EEG may be necessary to aid in diagnosing nonconvulsive status because patients sometimes appear merely stuporous and lack typical convulsive movements +++ Treatment ++ See Table 25–8 Aggressive treatment of prolonged seizures may prevent development of status epilepticus Benzodiazepines Generally recommended for outpatient management of prolonged seizures Initiate 5 minutes after onset of a seizure Options that can be administered safely at home include rectal valium, intranasal midazolam, sublingual lorazepam, and intramuscular diazepam ++Table Graphic Jump LocationTable 25-8.Principal dietary restrictions in MAOI use.View Table||Download (.pdf) Table 25-8. Principal dietary restrictions in MAOI use. Cheese, except cream cheese and cottage cheese and fresh yogurt Fermented or aged meats such as bologna, salami Broad bean pods such as Chinese bean pods Liver of all types Meat and yeast extracts Red wine, sherry, vermouth, cognac, beer, ale Soy sauce, shrimp paste, sauerkraut MAOI, monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Your Access profile is currently affiliated with [InstitutionA] and is in the process of switching affiliations to [InstitutionB]. Please select how you would like to proceed. Keep the current affiliation with [InstitutionA] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Switch affiliation to [InstitutionB] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Error: Incorrect UserName or Password Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Sign in Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth You already have access! Please proceed to your institution's subscription. Create a free profile for additional features.