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BALANCED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
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Immune system components: balanced response by these components ensures elimination of threat with minimal damage to surrounding tissues (Table 73-1).
Innate immunity:
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) = present on most cells, recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Lead to the production of cytokines and chemokines to contain threat and recruit cellular components of the immune system. Include the toll-like receptors (Table 73-2), Toll-like and Nod-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, and C-type lectin receptors.
Opsonins = mark pathogens or cells for clearance by phagocytes.
Complement = opsonize or directly lyse pathogens via assembly of the membrane attack complex.
Cells = including neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells.
Adaptive immunity:
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SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME (SIRS)
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Excessive inflammation: can cause collateral damage to tissues.