| AACN | American Association of Critical Care Nurses |
| AAD | antibiotic-associated diarrhea |
| AAO | American Academy of Otolaryngology |
| AAP | American Academy of Pediatrics |
| AAPOS | American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus |
| ABC | acute bacterial conjunctivitis |
| ACE | angiotensin-converting enzyme |
| ACIP | Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices |
| ACOG | American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology |
| ADEM | acute disseminated encephalomyelitis |
| AD-HIES | autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate |
| AER | Adverse Event Reporting |
| AFB | acid-fast bacill(us)(i) |
| AFM | acute flaccid myelitis |
| Ag | antigen |
| AGT | antiglobulin test |
| AHA | American Heart Association |
| AHO | acute hematogenous osteomyelitis |
| AHRQ | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality |
| AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| AIIR | airborne infection isolation room |
| ALL | acute lymphocytic leukemia |
| ALN | acute lobar nephronia |
| ALPS | autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome |
| ALT | alanine aminotransferase |
| AMPA | α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolapropiomic acid |
| ANA | antinuclear antibody |
| ANC | absolute neutrophil count |
| ANCA | antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody |
| AOE | acute otitis externa |
| AOM | acute otitis media |
| APECED | autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (dysplasia) |
| APIC | Association for Professionals in Infection Control |
| APSAC | American Professional Society of the Abuse of Children |
| ARF | acute rheumatic fever |
| ARR | absolute risk reduction |
| ART | antiretroviral therapy |
| ASM | American Society for Microbiology |
| ASO | antistreptolysin O |
| AST | aspartate aminotransferase |
| AT | ataxia telangiectasia |
| ATM | acute transverse myelitis |
| ATS | American Thoracic Society |
| ATV | atazanavir |
| AUC | area under the (time–concentration t/C) curve |
| AUC/MIC | area under the (t/C) curve over the minimum inhibitory concentration (Ch 8; ratio of total drug exposure over time, represented as an area under the t/C curve, over MIC) |
| AUROC | area under receiver–operator characteristic curve |
| AVM | malformation |
| AWARE | Assessing Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance Evaluation |
| AZT | zidovudine |
| BAL | bronchoalveolar lavage |
| BBB | blood–brain barrier |
| BCG | bacille Calmette–Guérin |
| BCPPS | Board Certified Pediatric Pharmacy Specialist |
| BCSA | Burkholderia cepacia–selective agar |
| BCYE | buffered charcoal–yeast extract |
| BGMK | buffalo green monkey kidney |
| BJI | bone–joint infection |
| BMI | body mass index |
| BNP | B-type natriuretic peptide |
| BRAT | bananas, rice, applesauce, toast |
| BRUE | brief, resolved, unexplained event |
| BSA | body surface area |
| BSEP | bile salt export pump |
| BSI | bloodstream infection |
| BSL | biosafety level |
| BTX | botulinum toxin |
| BUN | blood urea nitrogen |
| CA | community-acquired |
| CAA | coronary artery aneurysm |
| CAP | community-acquired pneumonia |
| CAPS | cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome |
| CART | combination antiretroviral therapy |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| CBDI | Cancer and Blood Disease Institute |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| CD4 | cluster of differentiation 4 |
| CDI | Clostridium difficile infection |
| CDR | Candida drug resistance |
| CE | Conformité Européenne |
| CERN | Chicago Ebola Response Network |
| CF | cystic fibrosis |
| CFU | colony-forming unit |
| CGD | chronic granulomatous disease |
| CHD | congenital heart disease |
| CHG | chlorhexidine gluconate |
| CHIME | Collaborative Home Infant
Monitoring Evaluation |
| CI | confidence interval |
| CIA | chemiluminescence immunoassay |
| CIAIS | cold-induced autoinflammatory syndrome |
| CIC | Certified Inpatient Coder |
| CINCA | chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous–articular (syndrome) |
| CLABSI | central line–associated bloodstream infection |
| CLIA | Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments |
| CLSI | Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute |
| CMP | chemistry panel |
| CMR | cardiovascular magnetic resonance |
| CMV | cytomegalovirus |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| CoNS | coagulase-negative Staphylococcus |
| CoV | coronavirus |
| CPAM | congenital pulmonary airway malformation |
| CPE | cytopathic effect |
| CPIC | Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation
Consortium |
| CPK | creatine phosphokinase |
| CPS | Canadian Paediatric Society |
| CRBSI | catheter-related bloodstream infection |
| CRE | carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae |
| CRF | circulating recombinant form |
| CRMO | chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis |
| CRMP | collapsing-responsive mediator protein |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| CRS | congenital rubella syndrome |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| CST | cavernous sinus thrombosis |
| CT | computed tomography |
| CTBA | cystine tellurite blood agar |
| CVC | central venous catheter |
| CVID | common variable immunodeficiency |
| CXR | chest X-ray |
| CZS | congenital Zika syndrome |
| DAMP | damage-associated molecular pattern |
| DAT | direct antiglobulin test |
| DBS | deep-brain stimulation |
| DCI | data collection instrument |
| DCM | dilated cardiomyopathy |
| DCT | direct Coombs test |
| DEET | N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (also known as diethyltoluamide) |
| DES | dysfunctional elimination syndrome |
| DEXA | dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry |
| DFA | direct fluorescent antibody |
| DGI | disseminated gonococcal infection |
| DHHS | Department of Health and Human Services |
| DIC | disseminated intravascular coagulation |
| DIH | drug-induced hypersensitivity |
| DIRA | deficiency of IL (interleukin)-1 receptor agonist |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DOCK8 | dedicator of cytokinesis 8 gene |
| DOT | directly observed therapy |
| DRESS | drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic
symptoms |
| DRV | darunavir |
| ds | double strength (in prescriptions) |
| DSM | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual |
| DTaP | diphtheria–tetanus–acellular
pertussis (vaccine) |
| DTG | dolutegravir |
| d-TGA | dextro-transposition of the great arteries |
| DWI | diffusion-weighted imaging |
| EAC | external auditory canal |
| EACTS | European Association of
Cardio-Thoracic Surgery |
| EANM | European Association of Nuclear Medicine |
| EBNA | Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen |
| EBUS-NA | endobronchial ultrasound-guided
needle aspiration |
| EBV | Epstein–Barr virus |
| ED | emergency department |
| EDTA | ethylenediamine tetra (acetic acid) |
| EEE | eastern equine encephalitis |
| EES | erythromycin ethylsuccinate |
| EFV | efavirenz |
| EGA | estimated gestational age |
| EHEC | enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli |
| EIA | enzyme immunoassay |
| ELF | epithelial lung fluid |
| ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| EKG | electrocardiogram |
| EMLA | eutectic mixture of local anesthetics |
| EMR | electronic medical record |
| EMTCT | elimination of mother-to-child
transmission (of HIV) |
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency (US) |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography |
| ESBL | extended-spectrum β-lactamase |
| ESC | European Society of Cardiology |
| ESCMID | European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases |
| ESPGHAN | European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition |
| ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| ESRD | end-stage renal disease |
| ETEC | enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli |
| ETV | etravirine |
| EUCAST | European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing |
| EV | enterovirus |
| EVD | external ventricular drain |
| FAUC/MIC | ratio of free (non-protein-bound) drug exposure over time, represented as area under the time–concentration (t/C) curve, over the minimum inhibitory concentration |
| FCAS | familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome |
| FCU | familial cold urticaria |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration (US) |
| FESS | functional endoscopic sinus surgery |
| FI | fusion inhibitor |
| F&I | febrile and immunocompromised |
| FIRS | fetal inflammatory response syndrome |
| 5-FC | 5-fluorocytosine |
| 5-FU | 5-fluorouracil |
| FLAIR | fluid-attenuated inversion recovery |
| FMEA | failure modes and effects analysis |
| FMF | familial Mediterranean fever |
| FMT | fecal microbiota transplantation |
| FNA | fine-needle aspiration |
| FNAB | fine-needle aspiration biopsy |
| FP, FN | false positive, false negative |
| FTA-abs | fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption |
| FTC | emtricitabine |
| FTT | failure to thrive |
| FUO | fever of unknown origin |
| FWS | fever without a source |
| GABA | γ-aminobutyric acid |
| GABHS | group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus |
| GAS | group A Streptococcus |
| GBS | group B Streptococcus |
| GCSF | granulocyte colony-stimulating factor |
| GCV | ganciclovir |
| GDH | glutamate dehydrogenase |
| GEE | generalized estimating equation |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| GFR | glomerular filtration rate |
| GGT | γ-glutamyltransferase |
| GHD | graft-versus-host disease |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| Glut1 | glucose transporter type 1 |
| G6PD | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| GU | genitourinary |
| GWAS | genome-wide association study |
| HAART | highly active antiretroviral therapy |
| HACEK | Haemophilus, Actinobacillus (now Aggregatibacter), Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella (genera) |
| HAI | healthcare-associated infection |
| HAV | hepatitis A virus |
| HBcAg | hepatitis B core antigen |
| HBeAg | hepatitis B e-antigen |
| HBIG | hepatitis B immunoglobulin |
| HBsAg | hepatitis B surface antigen |
| HCV | hepatitis C virus |
| HCW | healthcare worker |
| HDAF | human decay–accelerating factor |
| HDV | hepatitis D virus |
| HEPA | high-efficiency particulate air |
| HEV | hepatitis E virus |
| HIDS | hyper-IgD (with periodic fever) syndrome |
| HFNC | high-flow nasal cannula |
| HHV | human herpesvirus |
| Hib | Haemophilus influenzae type b |
| HICPAC | Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| HLA | human leukocyte antigen |
| HLH | hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis |
| hMPV | human metapneumovirus |
| HNS | head and neck surgery |
| HPF | high-power field |
| HPLC | high-performance liquid chromatography |
| HPV | human papillomavirus |
| HRV | human rhinovirus |
| HSCT | hematopoietic stem cell transplant |
| HSP | Henoch–Schönlein purpura |
| HSV | herpes simplex virus |
| HTLV | human T-cell lymphotropic virus |
| HUS | hemolytic–uremic syndrome |
| hVISA | heterogeneous vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus |
| IAP | intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis |
| IAT | indirect antiglobulin test |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
| IBI | invasive bacterial infection |
| ICP | intracranial pressure |
| ICU | intensive care unit |
| IDSA | Infectious Diseases Society of America |
| IDU | injection drug use(r) |
| IE | infective endocarditis |
| IFI | invasive fungal infection |
| Ig | immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM, etc) |
| IGRA | interferon-γ release assay |
| IHI | Institute for Healthcare Improvement |
| IM | intramuscular(ly) |
| INR | International Normalized Ratio |
| IPC | infection prevention and control |
| IPD | invasive pneumococcal disease |
| IPEX | immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked |
| iPrEx | preexposure prophylaxis initiative (trial; initiativa profilaxis pre-exposicion) |
| IPV | inactivated polio vaccine |
| IQ | intelligence quotient |
| IQR | interquartile range |
| IRF | interferon regulatory factor |
| IRIS | immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome |
| ISC | International Society of Chemotherapy |
| I/T | immature-to-total ratio (sepsis ratio) |
| ITB | intrathecal baclofen |
| IU | international unit |
| IUD | intrauterine device |
| IV | intravenous |
| IVIG | intravenous immunoglobulin |
| JCV | John Cunningham virus |
| JDMS | juvenile dermatomyositis |
| JEV | Japanese encephalitis virus |
| JIA | juvenile idiopathic arthritis |
| KD | Kawasaki disease |
| KID | Kids’ Inpatient Database |
| KOH | potassium hydroxide |
| LAD | leukocyte adhesion deficiency |
| LAIV | live-attenuated intranasal influenza vaccine |
| LAM | lipoarabinomannan |
| LCA | left coronary artery |
| LCH | Langerhans cell histiocytosis |
| LCMV | lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus |
| LCV | LaCrosse virus |
| LDH | lactate dehydrogenase |
| LF | lateral flow |
| LFT | liver function test |
| LGBT | lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender |
| LGl | leucine-rich glioma |
| LGli1 | leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 |
| LIP | lymphoid interstitial pneumonia |
| LLQ | left lower quadrant |
| LN | lymph node |
| LoR | level of reliability |
| LOS | length of stay (in hospital) |
| LP | lumbar puncture |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| LPV/r | lopinavir/ritonavir |
| LR | likelihood ratio |
| LTBI | latent tuberculosis infection |
| LUQ | left upper quadrant |
| LV | left ventricular |
| MA | mevalonic aciduria |
| MAC | Mycobacterium avium complex |
| MAI | Mycobacterium avium intracellulare |
| MALDI-TOF | matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight (mass spectrometry) |
| MAT | microscopic agglutination test |
| MBC | minimum bactericidal concentration |
| MDR | multidrug resistance |
| MDRO | multidrug-resistant organism |
| MEE | middle-ear effusion |
| MERS | Middle East respiratory syndrome |
| MFI | multiflex flow immunoassay |
| MGIT | mycobacteria growth indicator tube |
| MIBG | metaiodobenzylguanidine |
| MIC | minimum inhibitory concentration |
| MLM | multilevel model |
| MLS | macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin |
| MMR | measles–mumps–rubella |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| MRSA | methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| MSBP | Munchausen syndrome by proxy |
| MSG | Mycosis Study Group |
| MSM | men who have sex with men |
| MSSA | methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus |
| Mtb | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| N/A | not applicable or (data) not available (used in tables only) |
| NAAT | nucleic acid amplification test |
| NADPH | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| NASPGHAN | North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition |
| NBTE | nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis |
| NCNGU | nonchlamydia, nongonococcal urethritis |
| NEMO | NF-κB-essential modulator |
| NF | nuclear factor |
| NFAT | nuclear factor of activated T cells |
| NHANES | National Health and Examination Survey |
| NHSN | National Healthcare Safety Network |
| NI | neurologic impairment |
| NICE | National Institute (for Health and) Clinical Excellence (UK) |
| NICU | neonatal (or newborn) intensive care unit |
| NMDA-R | N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor |
| NMO | neuromyelitis optica |
| NNRTI | nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| NNT | number needed to treat |
| NOMID | neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease |
| NP | nasopharyngeal |
| NPA | nasopharyngeal aspirate |
| nPEP | nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis |
| NPS | nasopharyngeal swab |
| NPUAP | National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel |
| NPV | negative predictive value |
| NPW | nasopharyngeal wash |
| NRTI | nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| NTM | nontuberculous mycobacteria |
| NT-proBNP | N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide |
| NVP | nevirapine |
| ODT | orally disintegrating tablet |
| OE | otitis externa |
| OFPBL | oxidation–fermentation with polymyxin B, bacitracin, and lactose |
| OI | opportunistic infection |
| OM | otitis media |
| OMAS | opsoclonus–myoclonus–ataxia syndrome |
| O&P | ova and parasite |
| oPEP | occupational postexposure prophylaxis |
| OR | odds ratio |
| ORS | oral rehydration solution |
| ORT | oral radiation therapy |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| OTC | over the counter |
| PA | posterior–anterior (also posteroanterior) |
| PAE | postantibiotic effect (amount of time that bacterial regrowth is suppressed following removal of an antibiotic) |
| PaLoc | pathogenicity locus in Clostridium difficile |
| PAMP | pathogen-associated molecular pattern |
| PAN | polyarteritis nodosa |
| PANDAS | pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder(s) associated with streptococcal infection |
| PANS | pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome |
| PaO2 | partial pressure of arterial oxygen |
| PAPA | pyogenic sterile arthritis; pyoderma gangrenosum and acne |
| PAPR | powered air-purified respirator |
| PAS | periodic acid–Schiff (stain) |
| PASOJAR | Pennsylvania Systemic Onset Juvenile Arthritis Registry |
| PBP | penicillin-binding protein |
| PCD | primary ciliary dyskinesia |
| PCF | pediatric condition falsification |
| PCN | penicillin |
| PCO2 | partial pressure of carbon dioxide |
| PCP | Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia |
| PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
| PCT | procalcitonin |
| PCV | pneumococcal (protein–polysaccharide) conjugate vaccine |
| PCV13 | 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine |
| PD | pharmacodynamic |
| PDC | potential diagnostic clue |
| PDSA | plan–do–study–act |
| PEACH | pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Evaluation and Clinical Health Study |
| PedsQL | Pediatric Quality of Life |
| PEMCRC | Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee |
| PFAPA | periodic fever–adenitis–pharyngitis–aphthous ulcer |
| PfEMP1 | Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 |
| PGM3 | phosphoglucomutase 3 gene |
| PHIL | Public Health Image Library |
| PHMB | poly(hexamethyl biguanide) |
| PI | protease inhibitor |
| PICC | peripherally inserted central
venous catheter |
| PICNIC | Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada |
| PICU | pediatric intensive care unit |
| PID | pelvic inflammatory disease |
| PIDS | Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society |
| PK | pharmacokinetic |
| PLEX | plasma exchange |
| PLoS | Public Library of Science |
| PML | progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy |
| PMN | polymorphonuclear neutrophil |
| PO | per os (orally; by mouth) |
| PPD | purified protein derivative |
| PPE | personal protective equipment |
| PPSV23 | 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine |
| PPV | positive predictive value |
| PrEP | preexposure prophylaxis |
| PRES | posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome |
| PRIVENT | Prevention of Recurrent (urinary tract) Infection (in children with) Vesicoureteric (reflux) Normal (renal) Tract (mnemonic) |
| PROS | Pediatric Research Office Settings |
| PRP | poly(ribosylribitol phosphate) |
| PSRA | poststreptococcal reactive arthritis |
| PT | physical therapy |
| PTA | peritonsillar abscess |
| PVA | polyvinyl alcohol |
| PVL | periventricular leukomalacia |
| PZA | pyrazinamide |
| Q/D | quinupristin/dalfopristin |
| QI | quality improvement |
| RAD | reactive-airway disease |
| RADT | rapid antigen detection test |
| RAISE | Randomized controlled trial to Assess Immunoglobulin plus Steroid Efficiency |
| RAL | raltegravir |
| RBC | red blood cell |
| RBUS | renal bladder ultrasound |
| rCDI | recurrent Clostridium difficile infection |
| RCT | randomized controlled trial |
| REM | rapid eye movement |
| RIA | radioimmunoassay |
| RIG | rabies immunoglobulin |
| RIVUR | Randomized Intervention (for children with) Vesicourethral Reflux |
| RLQ | right lower quadrant |
| RMSF | Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
| RN | registered nurse |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| RODEO | ROutine versus on DEmand removal Of the syndesmotic stabilization screw (trial) |
| RPA | retropharyngeal abscess |
| RPR | rapid plasma regain |
| RR | relative risk |
| RRR | relative risk reduction |
| RSV | respiratory syncytial virus |
| RT | real time |
| RUQ | right upper quadrant |
| RV | right ventricle |
| SARS | severe acute respiratory syndrome |
| SBECD | sulfobutylether-β-cydodextrin |
| SBI | serious bacterial infection |
| SCC | staphylococcal chromosome cassette |
| SCID | severe combined immunodeficiency |
| SCIWORA | spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality |
| Scr | serum creatinine |
| SD | standard deviation |
| SDD | susceptible-dose-dependent |
| SDF | silver diamine fluoride |
| SEM | skin, eye, and mucous (also mouth) membranes |
| SES | socioeconomic status |
| SHEA | Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America |
| SIADH | syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (secretion) |
| SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome |
| SIM | simian immunodeficiency virus |
| SJIA | systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis |
| SJS | Stevens–Johnson syndrome |
| SMART | specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bound (mnemonic) |
| SNHL | sensorineural hearing loss |
| SPAG | small-particle aerosol generator |
| SPECT | single-photon emission computed tomography |
| SPG | sphenopalatine ganglion |
| SPIDS | Saudi Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society |
| SPS | sodium polyanetholsulfonate |
| SSI | surgical site infection |
| SSPE | subacute sclerosing panencephalitis |
| SSSS | staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome |
| SSTI | skin and soft tissue infection |
| STAT3 | signal transducer and activator of transcription
3 gene |
| STD | sexually transmitted disease |
| STEC | Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli |
| TB | tuberculosis |
| TBE | tickborne encephalitis |
| TCBS | thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose |
| Tdap | tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis |
| TDF-FTC | tenofovir–emtricitabine |
| TDSA | thymidine-dependent Staphylococcus aureus |
| TEE | transesophageal echocardiography |
| TIG | tetanus immunoglobulin |
| TIV | trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine |
| TM | tympanic membrane |
| TMP-SMX | trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole |
| TNFα | tumor necrosis factor alpha |
| TOA | tubo-ovarian abscess |
| TORCH | Toxoplasma gondii, Other microorganisms, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus (mnemonic) |
| TP, TN | true positive, true negative |
| TPPA | Treponema pallidum particle agglutination |
| TRAPS | tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–receptor–associated periodic syndrome |
| TRUST | Tracking Resistance in US Today (mnemonic) |
| TSS | toxic shock syndrome |
| TST | tuberculin skin test |
| TTE | transthoracic echocardiography |
| TUBC | transurethral bladder catheterization |
| UA | urinalysis |
| UGI | upper gastrointestinal (barium series) |
| URI | upper respiratory infection |
| USPHSTF | US Public Health Service Task Force |
| UV | ultraviolet |
| VAC | ventilator-associated condition |
| VAERS | Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System |
| VATS | video-assisted therascopic surgery |
| VCA | viral capsid antigen |
| VCUG | voiding cystourethrogram |
| Vd | volume of distribution |
| VDRL | venereal disease research laboratory |
| VFR | visiting friends and relatives |
| VP | ventriculoperitoneal |
| V/Q | ventilation/perfusion |
| VRE | vancomycin-resistant enterococcus |
| VSD | Vaccine Safety Datalink |
| VUR | vesicourethral reflux |
| VZV | varicella zoster virus |
| WASP | wait-and-see prescription |
| WBC | white blood cell |
| WHIM | warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| WNV | West Nile virus |
| XLA | X-linked agammaglovulinemia |
| XLP | X-linked lymphoproliferative (disease) |
| YMSM | young men who have sex with men |
| ZDV | zidovudine |