Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content + • Vascular access in nonemergent situations or temporary access in emergent situations.• Administration of fluids and electrolytes.• Administration of intravenous medications.• Administration of blood and blood products.• Blood sampling. ++ Absolute + • Do not insert through an infected site.• Do not insert through a burn.• Do not insert in an injured site. ++ Relative + • Avoid a paralyzed extremity.• Do not insert in a massively edematous extremity.• Do not insert an IV distal to injured organs (eg, do not use lower extremities when treating abdominal injuries).• Avoid joint area. ++Table Graphic Jump LocationFavorite Table | Download (.pdf) | Print• Caution: All equipment must be latex free. + • Gloves.• Tourniquet or rubber band.• Tape and occlusive transparent dressing.• Alcohol wipes.• Povidone or chlorhexidine.• Syringe filled with injectable saline.• Gauze pads.• IV device: catheter or butterfly of appropriate size to fit the patient and the task.• Topical anesthetic cream. + • Ultrasound guiding equipment (if available and if trained in its use). + • Infection.• Hematoma.• Extravasation.• Compartment syndrome.• Severe vasoconstriction if vasoactive medications are infused through a peripheral IV and extravasate.• Venous thrombosis.• Embolization of air or catheter fragment. + • Plan the procedure.• Limit the procedure time.• Have a backup plan.• Examine all possible sites carefully before choosing one.• Apply gentle circumferential pressure with 1 hand on the extremity to fill up the veins, which helps identify the most appropriate site.• In choosing the equipment and the site for the line, consider the patient’s needs.• A trauma patient will require a large bore line, preferably a short one in order to avoid high resistance with high flows. + • Introduce yourself to the parents and to the patient.• Explain to the parents and the child, if appropriate, the procedure and its purpose.• Choose 1 or more possible sites, and apply topical anesthetic cream.• Answer all of the parents’ and patient’s questions. + • Position the patient with the chosen site closest to you.• Have a helper gently restrain and distract the child.• Have the patient at a comfortable working height.• For external jugular line placement, have the patient’s head lower than the trunk (Trendelenburg). + • Accessible peripheral veins that are usually available include the following (Figure 8–1): + • On the dorsum of the hands.• On the radial side of the hand.• In the antecubital fossa.• The saphenous vein at the medial aspect of the ankle.• The dorsum of the feet.• External jugular vein.• In infants, additional sites include scalp veins. ++Figure 8–1.Graphic Jump LocationView Full Size|Favorite Figure|Download Slide (.ppt)Common sites for ... GET ACCESS TO THIS RESOURCE Sign In Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Forgot Username? Forgot Password? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth Get Free Access Through Your Institution Contact your institution's library to ask if they subscribe to McGraw-Hill Medical Products. Access My Subscription GET ACCESS TO THIS RESOURCE Subscription Options Pay Per View Timed Access to all of AccessPediatrics 24 Hour $34.95 (USD) Buy Now 48 Hour $54.95 (USD) Buy Now Best Value AccessPediatrics Full Site: One-Year Individual Subscription $595 USD Buy Now View All Subscription Options