After discharge from the hospital, the infant and primary caregiver should be seen for a full outpatient assessment at 1 week of life. Comprehensive management of the HIV-exposed neonate includes a thorough review of maternal health information in order to garner information about the perinatal course and assess the risk of infant infection with HIV and other related pathogens. Counseling should be provided to the primary caregivers regarding the duration of therapy, testing schedule, and the importance of avoiding breast-feeding to prevent late postnatal transmission. As the mother may be recently diagnosed, referral to support services and HIV treatment is an essential aspect of family-oriented care. In addition, all siblings of the infant should undergo HIV testing, following the testing schema detailed above, if their serostatus is unknown, regardless of their age.24 One of the primary roles of the pediatrician is to monitor infant ZDV therapy during the 6-week prophylactic regimen. Antiretroviral adherence and adverse effects should be assessed at each encounter. The most common adverse effect associated with neonatal ZDV treatment is a mild, macrocytic anemia that generally resolves after 2 months.28,31 Neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet counts may also decrease.31 A complete blood count with differential should be performed at birth, 2 weeks, and 4 months to monitor any changes in hematologic parameters.24