1. Hepatology and Nutrition Constipation
Guideline Committee of the North American Society for Pediatric
Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Evaluation and treatment
of constipation in infants and children: recommendations of the
North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology
and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006;
43(3):1-13.
2. North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology,
Hepatology and Nutrition. Evaluation and treatment of constipation
in children: summary of updated recommendations of the North American
Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. J
Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006;43(3):405-407.
3. Hyman PE, Milla PJ, Benninga MA, et al. Childhood
functional gastrointestinal disorders: neonate/toddler. Gastroenterol. 2006;130(5):1519-1526.
4. Rasquin A, Di Lorenzo C, Forbes D, et al. Childhood
functional gastrointestinal disorders: child/adolescent. Gastroenterol. 2006;130(5):1527-1537.
5. Chitkara DK, Talley NJ, Locke GR, et al. Medical
presentation of constipation from childhood to early adulthood:
a population-based cohort study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5(9):1059-1064.
6. van den Berg MM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology
of childhood constipation: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(10):2401-2409.
7. Loening-Baucke V. Prevalence, symptoms and outcome of constipation
in infants and toddlers.
J Pediatr. 2005;146(3):359-363.
8. Di Lorenzo C, Benninga MA. Pathophysiology of
pediatric fecal incontinence. Gastroenterol. 2004;126(suppl
1):S33-S40.
9. Partin JC, Hamill SK, Fischel JE, Partin JS. Painful
defecation and fecal soiling in children. Pediatrics. 1992;89(6
Pt 1):1007-1009.
10. Vande Velde S, Van Biervliet S, Van Renterghem K, et al.
Achieving fecal continence in patients with spina bifida: a descriptive
cohort study. J Urol. 2007;178(6):2640-2644.
11. Lemelle JL, Guillemin F, Aubert D, et al. A multicentre
study of the management of disorders of defecation in patients with
spina bifida. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2006;18(2):123-128.
12. de Lorijn F, Kremer LC, Reitsma JB, Benninga MA. Diagnostic
tests in Hirschsprung disease: a systematic review. J Pediatr
Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006;42(5):496-505.
13. Gutiérrez C, Marco A, Nogales A, Tebar R.
Total and segmental colonic transit time and anorectal manometry
in children with chronic idiopathic constipation. J Pediatr
Gastroenterol Nutr. 2002;35(1):31-38
14. van den Berg MM, Hogan M, Caniano DA, Di Lorenzo C, Benninga
MA, Mousa HM. Colonic manometry as predictor of cecostomy success
in children with defecation disorders. J Pediatr Surg. 2006;41(4):730-736.
15. Moro G, Minoli I, Mosca M, et al. Dosage-related bifidogenic
effects of galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides in formula-fed term
infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2002;34:291-295.
16. Bongers ME, de Lorijn F, Reitsma JB2, et al. The clinical
effect of a new infant formula in term infants with constipation:
a double-blind, randomized cross-over trial. Nutr
J. 2007;11:6-8.
17. Dupont C, Leluyer B, Maamri N. Double-blind randomized evaluation
of clinical and biological tolerance of polyethylene glycol 4000
versus
lactulose in constipated children.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol
Nutr. 2005;41(5):625-633.
18. Domico MB, Huynh V, Anand SK, et al. Severe hyperphosphatemia
and hypocalcemic tetany after oral laxative administration in a
3-month-old infant.
Pediatrics. 2006;118(5):e1580-e1583.
19. Gleghorn EE, Heyman MB, Rudolph CD. No-enema
therapy for idiopathic constipation and encopresis. Clin
Pediatr (Phila). 1991;30(12):669-672.
20. Nolan T, Debelle G, Oberklaid F, Coffey C. Randomised
trial of laxatives in treatment of childhood encopresis. Lancet. 1991;338(8766):523-527.
21. Pashankar DS, Bishop WP, Loening-Baucke V. Long-term
efficacy of polyethylene glycol 3350 for the treatment of chronic
constipation in children with and without encopresis. Clin
Pediatr. 2003;42(9):815-819.
22. Candy DC, Edwards D, Geraint M. Treatment of
faecal impaction with polyethelene glycol plus electrolytes (PGE + E)
followed by a double-blind comparison of PEG + E versus
lactulose as maintenance therapy.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol
Nutr. 2006;43(1):65-70.
23. Castillejo G, Bulló M, Anguera A, et al. A controlled,
randomized, double-blind trial to evaluate the effect of a supplement
of cocoa husk that is rich in dietary fiber on colonic transit in
constipated pediatric patients. Pediatrics. 2006;118(3):e641-e648.
24. King SK, Sutcliffe JR, Southwell BR, et al. The antegrade
continence enema successfully treats idiopathic slow-transit constipation. J
Pediatr Surg. 2005;40(12):1935-1940.
25. Mousa, HM, van den Berg MM, Caniano DA, et al. Cecostomy
in children with defecation disorders. Dig Dis Sci. 2006;51(1):154-160.
26. Sood MR, Rudolph CD. Gastrointestinal motility
disorders in adolescent patients: transitioning to adult care. Gastroenterol
Clin North Am. 2007;36(3):749-763.
27. Benninga MA. Children with constipation: what
happens to them when they grow up? Scand J Gastroenterol. 2004;(241):S23-S26.