The majority of patients with AD are treated as outpatients. Management consists of establishing realistic parental expectations that AD is a chronic disorder that involves remissions and exacerbations. Goals of therapy are to control the flare-ups, prevent secondary infections, and keep the skin barrier function intact by constant moisturizing. Advise patient to avoid trigger factors like hot water, heat, allergens like dust mites, pollens, molds, foods like eggs and peanuts, materials like wool and fur, exposures to animals (eg, dogs, cats) or items filled with feathers or down (eg, pillows), stress, and infections (eg, Staphylococcus aureus, herpes simplex, dermatophytes). Advice on constant and regular care of the dry and xerotic skin includes daily moisturizing, brief baths or showers in lukewarm water lasting not more than 5 to 10 minutes, use of a mild unscented soap or liquid gentle skin cleanser (eg, Dove fragrance-free soap, Aveeno), patting (don’t rub) the skin dry, leaving some moisture. Moisturizers (eg, Vaseline, Aquaphor) are applied all over the skin, as soon as the child gets out of the bath or shower to trap moisture in the skin. Moisturizers should be applied to the entire body 2 to 3 times a day. Mid- to high-potency topical steroids are used for body areas (except groin, face, axillae). Mild topical steroids are used for face, groins, and axillae but not more than 2 to 3 weeks at a stretch. Topical antibacterial agents (eg, mupirocin) can be used if there is any evidence of excoriations or open wounds. If the infection is severe, oral antibiotics for 7 to 10 days can be used. Topical immunomodulators like pimecrolimus 1% or tacrolimus 0.03% or 0.1% ointment can be used as steroid-sparing agents. Antihistamine (eg, hydroxyzine) is used for control of the severe itch that causes the rash. Patient should be referred to a primary care physician or dermatologist for ongoing care.