3TC | Lamivudine |
AAP | American Academy of Pediatrics |
ABC | Airway, breathing, circulation |
ABG | Arterial blood gas |
ABR | Auditory brainstem response |
ACC | American College of Cardiology |
ACE | Angiotensin converting enzyme |
ACh | Acetylcholine |
ACLS | Advanced cardiac life support |
ACOG | American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology |
ACPA | Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies |
ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
ADEM | Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis |
ADH | Anti-diuretic hormone |
ADHD | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
AFP | Alpha-fetoprotein |
AG | Anion gap |
AGA | Appropriate for gestational age |
AHA | American Heart Association |
AIDP | Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy |
AIDS | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
AIH | Autoimmune hepatitis |
AIHA | Autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
AIN | Autoimmune neutropenia |
AKI | Acute kidney injury |
ALCL | Anaplastic large cell lymphoma |
ALL | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
ALP | Alkaline phosphatase |
ALT | Alanine aminotransferase |
ALTE | Apparent life-threatening event |
AML | Acute myeloid leukemia |
ANA | Anti-nuclear antibody |
ANC | Absolute neutrophil count |
ANCA | Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody |
AOM | Acute otitis media |
AP | Anterior-posterior |
APAP | Acetaminophen |
APRV | Airway pressure release ventilation |
aPTT | Activated partial thromboplastin time |
ARB | Angiotensin Receptor Blockers |
ARDS | Acute respiratory distress syndrome |
ARFID | Avoidant or restrictive food intake disorder |
ARR | Absolute risk reduction |
ART | Anti-retroviral treatment |
ASA | Aspirin |
ASAL | Argininosuccinic acid lyase |
ASAS | Argininosuccinic acid synthetase |
ASCA | Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody |
ASD | Atrial Septal Defect |
ASO | Anti-streptolysin O |
AST | Aspartate aminotransferase |
ATN | Acute tubular necrosis |
ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
ATV | Atazanavir |
AUB | Abnormal uterine bleeding |
AV | Atrioventricular |
BCG | Bacille-Calmette Guerin |
BLL | Blood lead level |
BLPAP | Bi-level positive airway pressure |
BMI | Body mass index |
BMP | Basic metabolic panel |
BMT | Bone marrow transplantation |
BP | Blood pressure |
BPD | Bronchopulmonary dysplasia |
BRUE | Brief resolved unexplained event |
BSA | Body surface area |
BUN | Blood urea nitrogen |
BV | Bacterial vaginosis |
CA-MRSA | Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
CAH | Congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
CAKUT | Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract |
CAP | Community-acquired pneumonia |
CAR | Chimeric antigen receptor |
cART | Combination anti-retroviral treatment |
CAVC | Common atrioventricular canal |
CBC | Complete blood count |
CBD | Common bile duct |
CCAM | Congenital Cystic Airway Malformation |
CCK | Cholecystokinin |
CD | Crohn’s disease |
CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
CDH | Congenital diaphragmatic hernia |
CF | Cystic fibrosis |
CFU | Colony forming units |
CGD | Chronic granulomatous disease |
CHD | Congenital heart disease |
CHED | Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy |
CHF | Congestive heart failure |
CHSD | Congenital hereditary stromal dystrophy |
CIPO | Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction |
CKD | Chronic kidney disease |
CLABSI | Central line-associated bloodstream infection |
CML | chronic myeloid leukemia |
CMP | Comprehensive metabolic panel |
CMV | Cytomegalovirus |
CN | Cranial nerve |
CNS | Central nervous system |
CO | Carbon monoxide |
CO2 | Carbon dioxide |
CoNs | Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus |
COVID-19 | Coronavirus disease 2019 |
CPAP | Continuous positive airway pressure |
CPDA | Citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine |
CPK | Creatine phosphokinase |
CPP | Cerebral perfusion pressure |
CPR | Cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
CPS | Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase |
Cr | Creatinine |
CR | Cardiorespiratory |
CrCl | Creatinine clearance |
CRH | Cortisol-releasing hormone |
CRP | C-reactive protein |
CRRT | Continuous renal replacement therapy |
CSF | Cerebrospinal fluid |
CSV | Continuous spontaneous ventilation |
CT | Computed tomography |
CTA | Computed tomography angiography |
CV | Cardiovascular |
CVC | Central venous catheter |
CVID | Common variable immune deficiency |
CVP | Central venous pressure |
CVR | CCAM Volume Ratio |
CVVH | Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration |
CXR | Chest radiograph |
DASH | Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension |
DBP | Diastolic blood pressure |
DCM | Dilated Cardiomyopathy |
DHEA | Dihydroepiandrostenedione |
DHT | Dihydrotestosterone |
DI | Diabetes insipidus |
DIC | Disseminated intravascular coagulation |
DIHS | Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome |
DKA | Diabetic ketoacidosis |
DLBCL | diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; |
DM | Diabetes mellitus |
dMAI | Disseminated Mycobacterium avium intercellulare |
DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
DOAC | Direct oral anticoagulant |
DOC | Deoxycorticosterone |
DORV | Double outlet right ventricle |
DRESS | Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms |
DRI | Dietary reference intakes |
DRV | Daruavir |
DTG | Dolutegravir |
DTR | Deep tendon reflex |
DVT | Deep vein thrombosis |
EAR | Estimated average requirement |
EBNA | Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antibody |
EBV | Epstein-Barr virus |
ECF | Extracellular fluid |
ECG | Electrocardiogram |
ECMO | Extracorporeal membranous oxygenation |
ED | Emergency department |
EEG | Electroencephalogram |
EIA | Enzyme immnosorbent assay |
EMG | Electromyography |
EMLA | Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics |
EN | Enteral nutrition |
EOS | Early onset sepsis |
EPAP | Expiratory positive airway pressure |
EPS | Extra-pyramidal symptoms |
ERCP | Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
ERV | Expiratory reserve volume |
ESR | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
ETT | Endotracheal tube |
FAA | Fumarylacetoacetate |
FAO | Fatty acid oxidation |
FAOD | Fatty acid oxidation disorders |
FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
FENa | Fractional excretion of sodium |
FEV-1 | Forced expiratory volume -1 |
FFA | Free fatty acids |
FFP | Fresh frozen plasma |
FHR | Familial hypophosphatemic rickets |
FiO2 | Fraction of inspired oxygen |
FISH | Fluorescent in situ hybridization |
FN | False negative |
FP | False positive |
FRC | Functional residual capacity |
FTA-ABS | Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption |
FTC | Emtricitabine |
FVC | Forced vital capacity |
FWD | Free water deficit |
G-tube | Gastrostomy tube |
G6PD | Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
GA | Gestational age |
GABHS | Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus |
GALT | galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase |
GAS | Group A Streptococcus |
GBS | Group B Streptococcus |
GC | Gonococcus |
GCS | Glasgow coma score |
GCSF | Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor |
GER | Gastroesophageal reflux |
GERD | Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
GFR | Glomerular filtration rate |
GGT | Gamma glutamyl transferase |
GH | Growth hormone |
GI | Gastrointestinal |
GIR | Glucose infusion rate |
GJ | Gastrojejunostomy |
GK | Galactokinase |
GM-CSF | granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; |
GN | Glomerulonephritis |
GSD | Glycogen storage disease |
GU | Genitourinary |
GVHD | Graft-versus-host disease |
Gy | Gray unit |
H2RA | H2 receptor antagonist |
HAV | Hepatitis A virus |
Hb | Hemoglobin |
HbA | Hemoglobin A |
HbF | Fetal hemoglobin |
HBIG | Hepatitis B immune globulin |
HbS | Hemoglobin S |
HBsAb | Hepatitis B surface antibody |
HBsAg | Hepatitis B surface antigen |
HBV | Hepatitis B virus |
HCT | Hematocrit |
HCV | Hepatitis C virus |
HDL | High density lipoprotein |
HEENT | Head, eyes, ears, nose, throat |
HELLP | Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count |
HFOV | High frequency oscillatory ventilation |
HGA | Human granulocytic anaplasmosis |
HHH | Hyperorinthinemia-Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria |
HHV-6 | Human herpes virus-6 |
HHV-7 | Human herpes virus-7 |
HIT | Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia |
HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus |
HLA | Human leukocyte antigen |
HLA-B27 | Human leukocyte antigen B27 |
HLH | Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis |
HLHS | Hypoplastic left heart syndrome |
HME | Human monocytic ehrlichiosis |
HPO | Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian |
HPV | Human papilloma virus |
HR | Heart rate |
HSCT | Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |
HSP | Henöch-Schonlein purpura |
HSV | Herpes simplex virus |
HUS | Hemolytic-uremic syndrome |
IAP | Intrapartum antibiotics |
IBD | Inflammatory bowel disease |
IBD-U | Inflammatory bowel disease -unspecified |
IBS | Irritable bowel syndrome |
IC | Inspiratory capacity |
ICP | Intracranial pressure |
ICU | Intensive care unit |
IDM | Infant of a diabetic mother |
IDU | Injection drug use |
IEM | Inborn errors of metabolism |
IFN | Interferon |
Ig | Immunoglobulin |
IGF | Insulin-like growth factor |
IGF-BP1 | Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 |
IGRA | Interferon-gamma release assay |
IL-1 | Interleukin-1 |
ILCOR | International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation |
IM | Intramuscular |
IMRT | intensity-modulated radiation therapy; |
IMV | Intermittent mandatory ventilation |
INH | Isoniazid |
INR | International normalized ratio |
INSTI | Integrase strand transfer inhibitors |
IO | Intraosseus |
IOP | Intraocular pressure |
IP | Interphalangeal |
IPAP | Inspiratory positive airway pressure |
IRIS | Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome |
ITP | Immune thrombocytopenia purpura |
IUD | Intrauterine device |
IUGR | Intrauterine growth restriction |
IV | Intravenous |
IVF | Intravenous fluids |
IVH | Intraventricular hemorrhage |
IVIG | Intravenous immunoglobulin |
JDM | Juvenile dermatomyositis |
JIA | Juvenile idiopathic arthritis |
JMML | juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia; |
LCHAD | long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase |
LDH | Lactate dehydrogenase |
LES | Lower esophageal sphincter |
LET | Lidocaine, epinephrine, and tetracaine |
LFT | Liver function test |
LGA | Large for gestational age |
LGTQ+ | Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning |
LH | Lutenizing hormone |
LHR | Lung-Head ratio |
LILT | Longitudinal lengthening and tailoring procedure |
LLQ | Left lower quadrant |
LLSB | Left Lower Sternal Border |
LMA | Laryngeal mask airway |
LMP | Last menstrual period |
LMWH | Low molecular weight heparin |
LOC | Loss of consciousness |
LOS | Late onset sepsis |
LP | Lumbar puncture |
LR | Likelihood ratio |
LSD | Lysosomal storage disease |
LTBI | Latent tuberculosis infection |
LVH | Left ventricular hypertrophy |
LVNC | Left Ventricular Noncompaction |
MAC | Mycobacterium avium complex |
MADD | Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency |
MAI | Mycobacterium avium intercellulare |
MAO | Monamine oxidase |
MAOI | Monamine oxidase inhibitor |
MAP | Mean arterial pressure |
MAS | Macrophage activation syndrome |
MCAD | Medium-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase |
MCH | Mean corpuscular hemoglobin |
MCHC | Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration |
MCV | Mean corpuscular volume |
MDAC | Multiple-dose activated charcoal |
MDI | Metered dose inhaler |
MDMA | 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) |
MDS | myelodysplastic syndrome; |
MEN | Multiple endocrine neoplasia |
MG | Myasthenia gravis |
MHA-TP | Microhemagglutination-assay Treponema pallidum |
MLB | Microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy |
MMA | Methylmalonic acid |
MMR | Measles, mumps, rubella |
MODY | Mature onset diabetes of the young |
MPGN | Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
MPS | Mucopolysacharidoses |
MRA | Magnetic resonance arteriography |
MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging |
MRSA | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
MRV | Magnetic resonance venography |
MSAF | Meconium-stained amniotic fluid |
MSH | Melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
MSM | Men who have sx with men |
MSSA | Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus |
MSUD | Maple syrup urine disease |
MTCT | Maternal-to-child transmission |
MuSK | Muscle-specific kinase |
MVC | Motor vehicle crash |
NAAT | Nucleic acid amplification test |
NAC | N-acetylcysteine |
NAIT | Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytpenia |
NAPQI | N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone-imine |
NARP | Neuropathy, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa |
NAS | Neonatal abstinence syndrome |
NAT | Non-accidental trauma |
NBL | Neuroblastoma |
NBS | Newborn screening |
ND | Nasoduodenal |
NEC | Nectotizing enterocolitis |
NEMO | Nuclear factor-kappa B essential modulator deficiency syndrome |
NG | Nasogastric |
NHL | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
NICU | Neonatal intensive care unit |
NIF | Negative inspiratory force |
NIPS | Non-invasive prenatal screening |
NJ | Nasojejunal |
NMDA | anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate |
NMO | Neuromyelitis optica |
NNRTI | Non-nucloside reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
NP | Nasopharyngeal |
nPEP | Non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis |
NPL | Nasopharyngolaryngoscopy |
NPO | Nil per os |
NPV | Negative predictive value |
NRP | Neonatal resuscitation program |
NRTI | Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors |
NS | Normal saline |
NSAID | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
NSSI | Non-suicidal self injury |
NTBC | 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione |
O2 | Oxygen |
OAE | Otoacoustic emissions |
OCP | Oral contraceptive pill |
OI | Opportunistic infection |
OME | Otitis media with effusion |
ORIF | Open reduction, internal fixation |
OSA | Obstructive sleep apnea |
OTC | Ornithine transcarbamylase |
OTC | Over-the-counter |
PA | Pulmonary atresia |
PA | Posterior-Anterior |
PaCO2 | Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide |
PAH | Phe hydroxylase |
PALS | Pediatric advanced life support |
PAO2 | Alveolar partial pressure of oxygen |
PaO2 | Arterial partial pressure of oxygen |
Patm | Atmospheric pressure |
PBD | Peroxisomal biogenesis disorders |
PCA | Patient controlled analgesia |
PCOS | Polycystic ovary syndrome |
PCP | Phencyclidine |
PCr | Plasma creatinine |
PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
PCV | Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine |
PDA | Patent ductus arteriosus |
PE | Pulmonary embolus |
PEA | Pulseless electrical activity |
PEEP | Positive end expiratory pressure |
PEG | Polyethylene glycol |
PEP | Post-exposure prophylaxis |
PES | Pediatric Endocrine Society |
PET | Partial exchange transfusion |
PFT | Pulmonary function test |
PGE1 | Prostaglandin E1 |
PH2O | Partial pressure of water vapor |
PI | Protease inhibitors |
PICU | Pediatric intensive care unit |
PID | Pelvic inflammatory disease |
PIP | Positive inspiratory pressure |
PKU | Phenylketonuria |
PMA | Post-menstrual age |
PN | Parenteral nutrition |
PNET | peripheral neuroectodermal tumor; |
PO | Per os |
PPD | Purified protein derivative |
PPHN | Persistent pulmonary hypertension |
PPI | Proton pump inhibitor |
PPMS | Primary progressive multiple sclerosis |
PPSV | Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine |
PPV | Positive predictive value |
pRBC | Packed red blood cell |
PRES | Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome |
PRG | Percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy |
PRVC | Pressure-regulated volume control |
PS | Pressure support |
PSV | Pressure support ventilation |
PT | Prothrombin time |
PTH | Parathyroid hormone |
PTSD | Post-traumatic stress disorder |
PTT | Partial thromboplastin time |
PTU | Propylthiouracil |
PUCAI | Pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index |
PUD | Peptic ulcer disease |
PVC | Premature ventricular contraction |
PVL | Periventricular leukomalacia |
PVNS | Pigmented villonodular synoitis |
PVR | Pulmonary Vascular Resistance |
RAL | Raltegravir |
RBC | Red blood cell |
RDA | Recommended daily allowance |
RDS | Respiratory distress syndrome |
RDW | Red cell distribution width |
REE | Resting energy expenditure |
RF | Rheumatoid factor |
RFS | Refeeding syndrome |
RI | Reticulocyte index |
RIG | Rabies immune globulin |
RLQ | Right lower quadrant |
RMSF | Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
RNP | Anti-ribonuclear protein |
ROM | Range of motion |
ROP | Retinopathy of prematurity |
RPR | Rapid plasma reagin |
RR | Respiratory rate |
RRMS | Relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis |
RRR | Relative risk reduction |
RSBI | Rapid shallow breathing index |
RSV | Respiratory syncytial virus |
RT | Radiation therapy |
RTA | Renal tubular acidosis |
RUQ | Right upper quadrant |
RV | Residual volume |
SABA | Short-acting beta-agonist |
SARI | Serotonin antagonist/reuptake inhibitor |
SARS-CoV-2 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 |
SBE | Subacute bacterial endocarditis |
SBI | Serious bacterial infection |
SBP | Systolic blood pressure |
SC | Subcutaneous |
SCAR | Severe cutaneous adverse reactions |
SCD | Sickle cell disease |
SCFE | Slipped femoral capital epiphysis |
SCID | Severe combined immune deficiency |
SCN | Severe congenital neutropenia |
SCT | Stem cell transplant |
SD | Standard deviation |
SEM | Skin, eye, mucosa |
SGA | Small for gestational age |
SIADH | Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion |
SIDS | Sudden infant death syndrome |
SIMV | Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation |
SIRS | Systemic inflammatory response syndrome |
SJS | Stevens–Johnson Syndrome |
SLE | Systemic lupus erythematosus |
SMS | Superior mediastinal syndrome |
SSKI | Saturated solution of potassium iodide |
SSRI | Selective serotonin release inhibitor |
SSSS | Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome |
STEC | Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli |
STEP | Serial transverse enteroplasty |
STI | Sexually transmitted infection |
SUID | Sudden unexplained infant death |
SV | Stroke volume |
SVC | Superior vena cava |
SVCS | superior vena cava syndrome |
SVR | Systemic Vascular Resistance |
T4 | Thyroxine |
TA-TMA | Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy |
TAC | Truncus arteriosus communis |
TAF | Tenofovir alafenamide |
TAPVC | Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection |
TAPVR | Total anomalous pulmonary venous return |
TAR | Thrombocytopenia absent radii |
TB | Tuberculosis |
TBI | Traumatic brain injury |
TBII | Thyroid binding inhibitory immunoglobulin |
TBW | Total body water |
TCA | Tricarboxylic acid |
TcB | Transcutaneous bilirubin |
Td | Tetanus-diphtheria |
TDD | Total daily dose |
TDF | Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate |
TEC | Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood |
TEF | Tracheoesophageal fistula |
TEN | Toxic epidermal necrolysis |
TFP | Trifunctional protein |
TGA | Transposition of the great arteries |
THC | Tetrahydrocannabinol |
TIA | Transient ischemic attack |
TIBC | Total iron binding capacity |
TINU | Tubular intersitital nephritis |
TIPS | Trans-jugular intrahepatic portal shunt |
TLC | Total lung capacity |
TLS | tumor lysis syndrome; |
TMP-SMX | Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole |
TN | True negative |
TNF | Tumor necrosis factor |
TOA | Tubo-ovarian abscess |
TOF | Tetraology of Fallot |
TP | True positive |
tPA | tissue plasminogen activator |
TPN | Total parenteral nutrition |
TRALI | Transfusion-related acute lung injury |
TSB | Total serum bilirubin |
TSH | Thyroid stimulating hormone |
TSI | Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin |
TSS | Toxic shock syndrome |
TSST-1 | Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 |
TST | Tuberculin skin test |
TTN | Transient tachypnea of the newborn |
TTP | Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura |
UA | Urinalysis |
UAC | Umbilical artery catheter |
UC | Ulcerative colitis |
UCD | Urea cycle disorders |
UCr | Urine creatinine |
UPD | Uniparental disomy |
URI | Upper respiratory infection |
USPSTF | United States Preventative Services Task Force |
UTI | Urinary tract infection |
UV | Ultraviolet |
UVC | Umbilical venous catheter |
V/Q | Ventilation/Perfusion |
VC | Volume control |
VCA | Viral capsid antigen |
VCUG | Voiding cystourethrogram |
VDDR | Vitamin D-dependent rickets |
VDRL | Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory |
VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
VKDB | Vitamin K deficient bleeding |
VL | Viral load |
VLBW | Very low birth weight |
VLCAD | Very long chain acyl CoA Dehydrogenase |
VP | Ventriculo-peritoneal |
VSD | Ventricular septal defect |
VUR | Vesicoureteral reflux |
vWD | von Willebrand disease |
vWF | von Willebrand factor |
VZV | Varicella zoster virus |
WAS | Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome |
WBC | White blood cell |
WBI | Whole bowel irrigation |
WHO | World Health Organization |
XLA | X-linked agammaglobulinemia |