TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation A1 - Bastero, Patricia A1 - Thomas, James A. A2 - Kline, Mark W. PY - 2018 T2 - Rudolph's Pediatrics, 23e AB - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used to provide temporary mechanical support for severe cardiac, respiratory, or cardiorespiratory failure that is unresponsive to conventional therapies. While the principles of ECMO and cardiopulmonary bypass are similar in that they both support the cardiorespiratory system, ECMO is a bedside technology in the ICU that is used for much longer periods of support, and ideally should be a less complex and invasive procedure in terms of cannulation and perfusion techniques, durability of equipment, patient monitoring, and troubleshooting. ECMO cannulation is ideally extrathoracic (although for cardiac ECMO, direct cardiac cannulation is often used), and the miniaturized circuitry efficiently pumps blood through the extracorporeal circuit and provides excellent gas exchange through the membrane oxygenator, while minimizing complications of red cell trauma, embolization, clot, and mechanical failure. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/15 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182926198 ER -