TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Human Immunodeficiency Virus A1 - Bitnun, Ari A2 - Zaoutis, Lisa B. A2 - Chiang, Vincent W. PY - 2017 T2 - Comprehensive Pediatric Hospital Medicine, 2e AB - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has led to a worldwide pandemic that has exacted a dramatic toll on children, especially in resource-limited countries. It is estimated that approximately 1.8 million children younger than 15 years of age were living with HIV in 2015, the vast majority in sub-Saharan Africa.1 In the same year worldwide, approximately 150,000 children were infected perinatally with HIV and 110,000 children died due to HIV/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).1 In 2014 in the United States there were approximately 9000 children and youth less than 19 years of age living with diagnosed HIV infection.2 In resource-rich countries including the United States, the vertical transmission rate has dropped to less than 2%,3-6 and combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has diminished mortality and morbidity associated with HIV disease.7-9 The pediatric hospitalist must be familiar with the care of HIV-exposed newborns and HIV-infected children, because the initial diagnosis and management of complications often occur in the hospital setting. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1146119501 ER -