TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome A1 - Wallace, Sowdhamini A2 - Zaoutis, Lisa B. A2 - Chiang, Vincent W. PY - 2017 T2 - Comprehensive Pediatric Hospital Medicine, 2e AB - Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) was first described in 1955. It is one of the most frequent causes of acute renal failure in children and is defined by a triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. The incidence of HUS is 2.7 cases per million people per year in the United States.1 HUS can occur at any age but most often presents between 2 months and 8 years of age, with equal male and female predominance. It has a seasonal peak in the summer and early fall.2 HUS is divided into two main categories, typical diarrhea-associated (D+ HUS) and atypical non-diarrhea associated HUS (aHUS). The most common form is D+ HUS, which is caused by Shiga toxin–producing bacteria and accounts for 90% of cases. Atypical HUS (aHUS), sometimes called D-HUS, accounts for the remaining cases (Table 113-1). Recently, it has become recognized that the two categories of HUS are not mutually exclusive. Some cases of HUS are multifactorial, with as many as 25% of patients with D+ HUS having mutations in complement system gene sequences.3 SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1146119836 ER -