TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Renal Morphogenesis A1 - Shah, Shweta A1 - Braun, Michael C. A2 - Kline, Mark W. PY - 2018 T2 - Rudolph's Pediatrics, 23e AB - Renal morphogenesis is a complex, temporally and spatially regulated 3-dimensional stochastic process by which precursor cells develop into a structurally and functionally normal kidney. Abnormal or dysregulated renal morphogenesis results in a wide range of renal abnormalities including renal agenesis, dysplasia, hypoplasia, and structural anomalies such as ectopic kidneys, fused kidneys, duplicated collecting systems, and vesicoureteral reflux; these are collectively known as congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Together they comprise the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in children. It is likely that more subtle forms of abnormal renal morphogenesis contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), ESRD, and “essential” hypertension in the adult population, although this hypothesis remains unproven. Much of our understanding of the complexities of renal morphogenesis comes from either experiments of nature, ie, naturally occurring genetic mutations linked with specific forms of CAKUT (see Chapter 465), or from decades of investigation using in vitro or in vivo model systems. With the advent of modern molecular targeting techniques, murine models and human culture systems have revolutionized our understanding of renal morphogenesis using tissue, cell, and temporal-specific gene modification. The regulation of renal morphogenesis spans the entire spectrum of human biology from transcriptional regulation, intracellular signaling, paracrine and autocrine responses, cell-cell induction, repression, epigenetic modification, and even environmental factors. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182911859 ER -