TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Measles A1 - Mathew, Roshni A1 - Maldonado, Yvonne A. A2 - Kline, Mark W. PY - 2018 T2 - Rudolph's Pediatrics, 23e AB - Measles virus infection is one of the most important infectious diseases of humans and has caused millions of deaths since its emergence as a zoonosis thousands of years ago. Prior to the development and widespread use of measles vaccines, measles was estimated to cause between 5 and 8 million deaths worldwide each year. Remarkable progress in reducing measles incidence and mortality has been made through increased measles vaccine coverage. As an example, in the period between 2000 and 2008, there was substantial decrease in measles cases and measles-associated deaths in sub-Saharan Africa due to intensive efforts at increasing measles vaccination coverage through routine vaccination and provision of a second opportunity for measles vaccination through mass measles vaccination campaigns (called supplementary immunization activities [SIAs]). However starting in 2009, there were large outbreaks in these areas and the cause of this resurgence was attributed to suboptimal vaccine coverage due to complacency with the vaccination efforts, which increased the at-risk susceptible population. In the Americas, intensive immunization and surveillance efforts had stopped endemic transmission of measles virus, in part based on the successful Pan American Health Organization strategy of nationwide measles vaccination campaigns and high routine measles vaccine coverage. However, endemic transmission due to a large sustained outbreak of measles in Brazil in 2014 demonstrates that regional measles elimination can be fragile and dependent on global elimination efforts. In the United States, high coverage with 2 doses of measles vaccine has eliminated endemic measles virus transmission. These achievements attest to the enormous public health significance of measles vaccination. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182903597 ER -