TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Pulmonary Hemorrhage A1 - Gomella, Tricia Lacy A1 - Eyal, Fabien G. A1 - Bany-Mohammed, Fayez PY - 2020 T2 - Gomella's Neonatology: Management, Procedures, On-Call Problems, Diseases, and Drugs, 8e AB - A nurse informs you that an infant has bloody secretions from the endotracheal tube (ETT). Pulmonary hemorrhageis bleeding into the lungs. It is typically an acute, catastrophic, often life-threatening event that causes a sudden deterioration in the infant’s clinical condition and is characterized by fresh continuous bloody fluid from the ETT or lower respiratory tract. Histologically, it is defined as fresh hemorrhage in the alveolar spaces or interstitium of the lung. The incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage varies from 1 to 12 per 1000 live births. It can be as high as 50 per 1000 live births if high risk (eg, premature, intrauterine growth restriction [IUGR]). The mortality rate can be up to 50% in premature infants. Survivors of pulmonary hemorrhage require longer ventilator support, and many will develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease (60% of premature infants). Studies show an increased risk of death and survival with neurosensory impairment, increased incidence of cerebral palsy and cognitive delay, and an increased risk of seizures and periventricular leukomalacia at 18 months of age. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1168357042 ER -