TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Varicella-Zoster Infections
A1  - Gomella, Tricia Lacy
A1  - Eyal, Fabien G.
A1  - Bany-Mohammed, Fayez
PY  - 2020
T2  - Gomella's Neonatology: Management, Procedures, On-Call Problems, Diseases, and Drugs, 8e
AB  - Varicella-zoster  virus  (VZV)  is  a  member  of  the  herpesvirus  family.  Primary  maternal  VZV  infection  (chickenpox)  can  result  in  fetal  or  neonatal  infection.  Other  rare  complications  include  spontaneous  abortion,  fetal  demise,  and  premature  delivery.  Reactivation  infection  (zoster,  shingles)  does  not  result  in  fetal  infection.  Primary  maternal  VZV  infection  during  the  last  trimester  can  cause  maternal  pneumonia  with  significant  morbidity  and  mortality.  The  overall  incidence  of  maternal  and  neonatal  varicella  has  decreased  over  the  past  15  to  20  years,  presumably  due  to  varicella  vaccination.  Active  surveillance  among  adults  has  shown  that  the  incidence  of  varicella  declined  74%  during  1995  to  2005,  despite  vaccination  rates  among  adults  of  only  3%.  Herd  immunity  is  the  likely  explanation  for  this  phenomenon.  As  of  2013,  more  than  78%  of  13-  to  17-year-old  adolescents  have  received  2  doses  of  varicella  vaccine.  Varicella  immunization  is  recommended  for  all  nonimmune  women  as  part  of  prepregnancy  and  postpartum  care.  Varicella  vaccine  should  not  be  administered  to  pregnant  women,  because  the  possible  effects  on  fetal  development  are  unknown,  although  no  cases  of  congenital  varicella  syndrome  or  patterns  of  malformation  have  been  identified  after  inadvertent  immunization  of  pregnant  women.  When  postpubertal  females  are  immunized,  pregnancy  should  be  avoided  for  at  least  1  month  after  immunization.  Reporting  of  instances  of  inadvertent  immunization  to  the  US  Food  and  Drug  Administration  with  a  varicella-zoster–containing  vaccine  during  pregnancy  is  encouraged  (1-877-888-4231).  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1168359153
ER  -