TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 20. Conjunctivitis in the Neonate
A1  - Hammerschlag, Margaret R.
A1  - Sleiman, Joseph
A2  - Shah, Samir S.
PY  - 2009
T2  - Pediatric Practice: Infectious Disease
AB  - Neonatal  conjunctivitis  (ophthalmia  neonatorum  or  neonatal  blennorrhea)  is  a  conjunctivitis  that  occurs  in  the  first  4  weeks  of  life.  It  is  the  most  common  ocular  disease  of  newborns,  occurring  in  1.6–12%  of  neonates.  Neonatal  conjunctivitis  has  been  associated  with  a  wide  variety  of  organisms,  which  have  varied  in  their  relative  importance  over  time  and  geographic  location  (Table  20–1).  The  introduction  of  neonatal  ocular  prophylaxis  and  the  introduction  of  routine  screening  and  treatment  of  pregnant  women  for  gonorrhea  and,  more  recently,  Chlamydia  trachomatis  infection  have  altered  the  epidemiology  of  ophthalmia  neonatorum  in  the  United  States.3,4  In  the  nineteenth  century,  gonococcal  ophthalmia  was  an  important  cause  of  blindness  in  infants;  today,  it  is  relatively  uncommon  in  industrialized  nations,  although  it  remains  a  serious  problem  in  many  developing  countries.1,5–8  Before  the  introduction  of  systematic  screening  and  treatment  of  C.  trachomatis  infection  in  pregnant  women  in  the  1990s,  C.  trachomatis  was  the  most  frequent  identifiable  infectious  cause  of  neonatal  conjunctivitis  in  the  United  States.3  Screening  and  treatment  of  pregnant  women  have  resulted  in  a  dramatic  decrease  in  perinatal  chlamydial  infections.  However,  in  countries  where  pregnant  women  are  not  routinely  screened,  including  the  Netherlands  and  many  developing  countries,  C.  trachomatis  still  remains  the  most  frequent  cause  of  neonatal  conjunctivitis.2,5  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=6903945
ER  -