TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 71. Catheter-Associated Infections A1 - Bryant, Kristina A1 - Zahn, Matthew M. A2 - Shah, Samir S. PY - 2009 T2 - Pediatric Practice: Infectious Disease AB - Each year, more than 5 million central venous catheters are inserted in patients in the United States. Types of catheters are listed in Table 71–1. A substantial proportion of these are used in children for delivery of intravenous fluids, total parenteral nutrition, antibiotics, and chemotherapy. Infectious complications occur in 5–26% of all patients with central venous catheters. According to data reported to the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System (NNIS) between 1992 and 2003, the pooled mean catheter-associated bloodstream infection (CA-BSI) rate in pediatric intensive care unit patients was 7.3/1000 catheter days.1 Rates in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) ranged from 3.7/1000 catheter days in infants with birth weights >2500 g to 10.6/1000 catheter days in infants with birth weights <1000 g. In addition to patient factors such as immunosuppression and prematurity, longer duration of catheter use,2 use of multiple central lines,3 dialysis,2 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy,2 total parenteral nutrition,4 mechanical ventilation,5 and receipt of packed red blood cell transfusion6 are all associated with increased risk of infection. In premature infants, duration of intravenous lipid use has been associated with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) bacteremia and fungemia.7 SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=6927644 ER -