TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 471. Acute Renal Failure A1 - Devarajan, Prasad A2 - Rudolph, Colin D. A2 - Rudolph, Abraham M. A2 - Lister, George E. A2 - First, Lewis R. A2 - Gershon, Anne A. PY - 2011 T2 - Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22e AB - Acute renal failure (ARF) is classically defined as a rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to accumulation of nitrogenous wastes such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. ARF is a common condition, associated with serious consequences and unsatisfactory therapeutic options.1-18 Oliguria, defined as a urine output of less than 0.5 ml/kg/hour, is an important clinical sign but occurs in only about half the cases. ARF may be classified as (1) prerenal azotemia, due to a functional response of structurally normal kidneys to hypoperfusion; (2) intrinsic ARF, due to structural damage to the kidneys from prolonged ischemia, nephrotoxins, sepsis, or intrinsic renal disease; and (3) postrenal ARF, due to obstruction of the urinary tract. SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7045207 ER -