TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 40. Neurology A1 - Lowry, Adam W. A1 - Bhakta, Kushal Y. A1 - Nag, Pratip K. PY - 2011 T2 - Texas Children's Hospital Handbook of Pediatrics and Neonatology AB - Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintEtiologies of Neonatal SeizuresUnderlying DefectPoints to RememberHypoxic–ischemic encephalopathyLeading cause of neonatal seizures in full-term infants.This diagnosis should never be one of exclusion.Data supporting this diagnosis (history of prolonged labor, perinatal depression, prolonged resuscitation) should be obtained and documented.Focal ischemia/infarctionSecond most common cause of neonatal seizures in full-term infants.Most common presentation is right-sided clonic seizures due to infarction in the left middle cerebral artery territory.Cerebral vein thromboses can lead to venous infarcts.Intracranial hemorrhageIn term infants, subarachnoid hemorrhage is more associated with subsequent seizure than subdural hemorrhage.Infratentorial subdural hemorrhages require urgent evaluation due to risk of brainstem compression.In preterm infants, intraventricular hemorrhage is the most common type of ICH (see below).Infections of the CNSCan occur in utero (CMV, toxoplasmosis) or perinatally (herpes simplex, bacterial meningitis with GBS or Escherichia coli being most common).Prognosis can be very grim.Metabolic derangementTransient causes (hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyponatremia); see Chapter 34 for further information.Inborn errors of metabolism (pyridoxine dependency, nonketotic hyperglycinemia, urea cycle defects, glutaric aciduria (type II), maple syrup urine disease, organic acidurias, cofactor deficiencies, mitochondrial defects , Zellweger Syndrome).Structural defectsDefects of neuronal migration (heterotopias).Defects of neuronal organization (polymicrogyria).Cerebral malformation (holoprosencephaly).Usually will display associated dysmorphic features on physical examination. SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7452976 ER -