TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Lung Infections: Lung Biopsy, Lung Abscess, Bronchiectasis, and Empyema A1 - Grewal, Harsh A1 - Evans, Barry A2 - Ziegler, Moritz M. A2 - Azizkhan, Richard G. A2 - Allmen, Daniel von A2 - Weber, Thomas R. PY - 2014 T2 - Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2e AB - The most common condition related to lung infection requiring surgical intervention in a hospitalized child is empyema resulting from a complication of community-acquired pneumonia.Most children with empyema can be successfully treated by following an algorithm that uses a minimally invasive approach with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).Lung biopsy for pulmonary infiltrates and possible lung infection in immunocompromised children may be required when imaging (including high-resolution computerized tomography [HRCT]), bronchoscopy, broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL), and genetic testing for interstitial lung disorders are unsuccessful in obtaining a diagnosis.Most lung biopsies can be performed using VATS, unless single lung ventilation cannot be safely tolerated.Lung abscesses, which are uncommon in children, and bronchiectasis, usually complicating cystic fibrosis, rarely require surgery. Use of an algorithmic approach to these disorders may reduce length of hospitalization and morbidity. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1100433596 ER -