TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Developmental Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary A1 - Frohnert, Brigitte I. A1 - Miller, Bradley S. A1 - Dattani, Mehul A2 - Sarafoglou, Kyriakie A2 - Hoffmann, Georg F. A2 - Roth, Karl S. Y1 - 2017 N1 - T2 - Pediatric Endocrinology and Inborn Errors of Metabolism, 2e AB - The pituitary gland is a midline structure located within the sella turcica recess of the sphenoid bone at the base of the brain; it plays a vital role in orchestrating complex functions of the body including growth, metabolism, homeostasis, reproduction, lactation, and the stress response. The anterior pituitary gland consists of five distinct cell types that are responsible for the synthesis, storage, and release of six hormones: growth hormone (GH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), and adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). Under the influence of the hypothalamus and regulated through feedback loops, all anterior pituitary hormones are secreted in a pulsatile fashion and follow a circadian rhythm. When deficiencies of either isolated or multiple pituitary hormones occur, they do so through both congenital and acquired mechanisms. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1140320224 ER -