TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Diagnostic Approach to Renal Disease
A1  - Foreman, John W.
A2  - Kline, Mark W.
Y1  - 2018
N1  - 
T2  - Rudolph's Pediatrics, 23e
AB  - The  symptoms  and  signs  of  childhood  renal  disorders  vary  widely.  Diagnostic  clues  are  provided  from  the  history,  which  should  include  a  description  of  the  amount,  frequency,  and  color  of  the  urine.  Changes  in  any  of  these  may  herald  a  renal  disease.  The  presence  of  symptoms  such  as  pain  on  urination  (dysuria),  urgency  (difficulty  holding  urine  in  the  bladder),  incontinence,  or  dribbling  of  the  urinary  stream  in  boys  are  also  helpful.  Pain  is  not  typical  of  most  renal  diseases.  However,  flank  pain  is  common  with  renal  stones  and  pyelonephritis.  Pain  from  renal  stones  is  excruciating  and  often  radiates  from  the  flank  toward  the  groin.  Loin  pain  may  occur  with  acute  glomerulonephritis.  Recurrent  episodes  of  dehydration  occur  in  disorders  that  affect  water  reabsorption  or  sodium  retention  such  as  tubular  disorders,  obstructive  uropathy,  and  renal  dysplasia.  A  history  of  maternal  oligohydramnios  suggests  that  in  utero  renal  function  was  impaired.  The  family  history  is  sometimes  informative,  especially  in  children  with  heritable  kidney  disorders  such  as  Alport  syndrome,  hypercalciuria,  cystinosis,  and  polycystic  kidney.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182912167
ER  -