TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Increased Intracranial Pressure A1 - Rozenfeld, Ranna A. Y1 - 2018 N1 - T2 - The PICU Handbook AB - Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the cerebral ventricles. ICP is the product of the rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formation (Iformation), resistance to CSF drainage (Rout), and pressure in the dural venous sinuses (Pd), a formula proposed by Davson (ICP = Rout × Iformation + Pd).1 Thus, ICP is regulated by venous pressure, cerebral blood flow, and CSF circulation.Normal values for CSF production, sagittal sinus pressure, and resistance to CSF outflow are 0.2 to 0.7 mL/min, 5 to 8 mmHg, and 6 to 10 mm Hg/mL/min, respectively.ICP increases with age.In the newborn, the normal value for ICP is approximately 82 mm H2O, or 6 mmHg.2Normal CSF pressure in healthy children obtained during lumbar puncture is a mean of 19.6 cm H2O (10th to 90th percentile, 11.5 to 28.0 cm H2O).Sedation may increase opening CSF pressure by up to 3.5 cm H2O.Volume status, blood pressure, and end-tidal CO2 may also affect ICP and must be considered when deciding on interventions to treat intracranial hypertension.An opening pressure above 28 H2O may not be “abnormal” if signs of increased ICP (papilledema, abducens nerve palsy, hydrocephalus, subdural fluid, other intracranial pathology) are absent.3 SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1152488225 ER -