TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Intrauterine (Fetal) Growth Restriction
A1  - Gomella, Tricia Lacy
A1  - Eyal, Fabien G.
A1  - Bany-Mohammed, Fayez
Y1  - 2020
N1  - 
T2  - Gomella's Neonatology: Management, Procedures, On-Call Problems, Diseases, and Drugs, 8e
AB  - Fetal  growth  restriction  (FGR)/intrauterine  growth  restriction  (IUGR)  and  small  for  gestational  age  (SGA)  are  sometimes  used  interchangeably  but  are  not  synonymous.  FGR  and  IUGR  are  the  same  conditions  where  intrinsic  fetal  pathology  exists  or  when  placental  support  for  the  fetus  is  compromised,  resulting  in  fetal  hypoxia  and  undernourishment,  and  a  pathologic  restriction  of  the  fetal  genetic  potential  for  growth.  SGA  describes  an  infant  whose  weight  is  lower  than  the  population  norms  or  a  predetermined  cutoff  weight.  Most  commonly,  SGA  infants  are  defined  as  having  a  birthweight  below  the  10th  percentile  for  gestational  age  and  gender,  or  >2  standard  deviations  below  the  mean  for  gestational  age.  It  can  occur  following  a  pathological  process  (FGR/IUGR)  or  just  represent  a  small  infant  based  on  constitiutional  factors  (maternal  weight,  height,  ethnicity,  parity),  known  as  constitutional  SGA.  FGR/IUGR  infants  are  not  all  SGA,  and  SGA  infants  are  not  all  FGR.  It  has  been  proposed  that  “SGA  should  be  based  on  growth  percentiles,  and  FGR  be  based  on  evidence  of  pathologic  growth.”  This  distinction  between  constitutional  SGA  and  pathologic  FGR  has  important  implications  for  fetal  monitoring,  risks  of  perinatal  morbidity  and  mortality,  and  the  optimal  timing  of  delivery.  FGR  increases  the  risk  of  fetal  mortality  10-  to  20-fold  compared  to  an  appropriately  grown  fetus.  Constitutionally  small  infants  are  not  at  an  increased  risk  of  perinatal  mortality  or  morbidity.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/18
UR  - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1168357928
ER  -