TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 92. Autistic Spectrum Disorders
A1  - Reiff, Michael I.
A2  - Rudolph, Colin D.
A2  - Rudolph, Abraham M.
A2  - Lister, George E.
A2  - First, Lewis R.
A2  - Gershon, Anne A.
Y1  - 2011
N1  - 
T2  - Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22e
AB  - In  1943  Leo  Kanner,  a  child  psychiatrist,  described  a  group  of  children  with  extreme  aloofness  and  “total  indifference”  to  other  children,  which  he  labeled  autistic  disturbances  of  affective  contact.  His  description  is  as  relevant  today  as  it  was  back  then:  “The  children  use  (language)  for  the  purpose  of  communication.  .  .  .  When  sentences  are  formed,  they  are  for  a  long  time  mostly  parrot-like  repetitions  of  heard  word  combinations.  They  are  sometimes  echoed  immediately.  .  .  .”  “There  is  a  limitation  in  the  variety  of  his  spontaneous  activities.  .  .  .  The  dread  of  change  and  incompleteness  seems  to  be  a  major  factor  in  the  explanation  of  the  monotonous  repetitiousness  and  the  resulting  variety  of  spontaneous  activity.”1  Hans  Asperger  independently  described  children  who  demonstrated  symptoms  similar  to  Kanner’s  patients  but  had  higher  cognitive  and  verbal  skills.  The  conceptualization  of  this  disorder  has  since  broadened,  and  the  most  recent  version  of  the  Diagnostic  and  Statistical  Manual  of  Mental  Disorders2  describes  pervasive  developmental  disorders  (PDDs).  These  include  3  autism  spectrum  disorders  (ASDs):  autistic  disorder,  Asperger  disorder,  and  pervasive  developmental  disorder  not  otherwise  specified  (PDD-NOS).  Two  other  diagnoses,  Rett  syndrome  and  childhood  disintegrative  disorder  are  also  included  in  the  DSM-IV-TR  but  are  not  considered  ASDs.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=6738890
ER  -