TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 216. Disorders of the Neck and Spine
A1  - Sucato, Daniel J.
A2  - Rudolph, Colin D.
A2  - Rudolph, Abraham M.
A2  - Lister, George E.
A2  - First, Lewis R.
A2  - Gershon, Anne A.
Y1  - 2011
N1  - 
T2  - Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22e
AB  - Torticollis  refers  to  lateral  tilt  and  rotation  of  the  head  and  neck.  The  most  common  form  of  torticollis  is  known  as  congenital  muscular  torticollis  and  is  due  to  “over  pull”  of  the  sternocleidomastoid  muscle  to  the  side  of  head  tilt.  So,  for  example,  a  right-sided  sternocleidomastoid  muscle  contracture  would  result  in  head  tilt  to  the  right  and  rotation  of  the  chin  to  the  left  (Fig.  216-1).  This  deformity  is  seen  at  birth  and  is  often  associated  with  a  very  tight  sternocleidomastoid  muscle  (SCM)  that  often  has  a  small  mass  or  swelling  in  its  midsubstance  which  is  palpable  but  not  painful.  The  incidence  of  congenital  muscular  torticollis  is  3  to  5  per  1000  births.  The  etiology  is  not  completely  understood  but  is  associated  with  breech  presentation  and  difficult  forceps  delivery  and  occurs  more  commonly  in  first-born  children.  It  is  important  to  remember  that  this  is  a  painless  torticollis.  Other  associated  orthopedic  conditions  are  associated  with  torticollis  including  hip  dysplasia  and  metatarsus  adductus.  These  conditions  should  be  evaluated  as  part  of  the  normal  orthopedic  examination  with  specific  focus  placed  on  the  examination  of  the  hips  and  feet,  as  well  as  the  spine  in  patients  with  muscular  torticollis.1  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/20
UR  - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7020627
ER  -