TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 261. Diphtheria A1 - Overturf, Gary D. A2 - Rudolph, Colin D. A2 - Rudolph, Abraham M. A2 - Lister, George E. A2 - First, Lewis R. A2 - Gershon, Anne A. Y1 - 2011 N1 - T2 - Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22e AB - Diphtheria, caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, occurs worldwide. Toxigenic strains produce a protein toxin that leads to the formation of pseudomembranes in the pharynx and respiratory tract, as well as systemic toxicity including myocarditis and polyneuropathy. It may present at any time of the year, although it is most common during winter. Because humans are the only significant reservoir, closeness and duration of contact with an ill person or a healthy carrier are important determinants of infection spread. As a result, attack rates in households and in crowded living conditions are high. SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/13 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7025730 ER -