TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 315. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection A1 - Brady, Michael T. A2 - Rudolph, Colin D. A2 - Rudolph, Abraham M. A2 - Lister, George E. A2 - First, Lewis R. A2 - Gershon, Anne A. Y1 - 2011 N1 - T2 - Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22e AB - Worldwide, it is estimated that 2.5 million children younger than 15 years are infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), with more than 2.2 million HIV-1-infected children in Africa alone.1 In 2006, some 330,000 children died from HIV-1 infection. Many millions have been orphaned as a result of the HIV-1-related deaths of their parents. In the United States, rates of new pediatric HIV infections increased from 1982 until 1995. Since 1995, the use of antiretroviral agents to prevent mother-to-child-transmission of HIV-1 has significantly reduced perinatal transmission. Rates of new HIV-1 infections in children younger than 15 years in the United States have declined from a high of 2500 per year in the early 1990s to approximately 100 to 200 per year.2 The number of HIV-1-infected infants and children in the United States is currently estimated to be 10,000.2 SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7030257 ER -