TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 350. Isosporiasis A1 - Warren, Cirle Alcantara A2 - Rudolph, Colin D. A2 - Rudolph, Abraham M. A2 - Lister, George E. A2 - First, Lewis R. A2 - Gershon, Anne A. Y1 - 2011 N1 - T2 - Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22e AB - Isospora belli is another coccidian parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa that causes human isosporiasis. I belli is worldwide in distribution but is more common in tropical and subtropical regions, especially Haiti, Mexico, Brazil, El Salvador, tropical Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia.1 The parasite causes diarrhea in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised children and adults. In the United States, sporadic outbreaks (mostly waterborne) of isosporiasis have been reported among institutionalized patients and daycare centers.2,3 It has been recognized as a cause of diarrhea among travelers to endemic areas; immigrants; and persons immunocompromised by hematologic malignancy, steroid use, or HIV infection.1,4-7 In persons with AIDS, low CD4 cell count (especially < 50 cells/μL), multiple infections, and poor hygiene have been noted as risk factors.8,9 Transmission occurs primarily by the fecal-oral route, but sexual transmission has also been implicated among men who have sex with men.10 SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7031771 ER -