TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 405. Inguinal and Other Hernias A1 - Aiken, John J. A2 - Rudolph, Colin D. A2 - Rudolph, Abraham M. A2 - Lister, George E. A2 - First, Lewis R. A2 - Gershon, Anne A. Y1 - 2011 N1 - T2 - Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22e AB - Three distinct anatomic types of inguinal hernias are observed in children: congenital or indirect (99%), direct (0.5%), and femoral (< 0.5%).1 The classic congenital indirect inguinal hernia results from a patent processus vaginalis, which represents an opening from the peritoneum into the inguinal region (Fig. 405-1). Other hernias that occur in children include incisional hernia, which occurs when abdominal viscera protrude through a previous surgical incision, and umbilical hernia, which is discussed below. Diaphragmatic hernia is discussed in Chapter 50. Epigastric hernia are rare in children. They protrude through the linea alba above the level of the umbilicus and appear to develop through one of the foramina of egress of the small paramidline nerves and vessels or through an area of congenital weakness in the linea alba. About 3% to 5% of the population have epigastric hernias. They are more common in men than in women and most common between the ages of 20 and 50. About 20% of epigastric hernias are multiple, and about 80% occur just off the midline. SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7036844 ER -