TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 496. Cardiac Catherization
A1  - Moore, Phillip
A2  - Rudolph, Colin D.
A2  - Rudolph, Abraham M.
A2  - Lister, George E.
A2  - First, Lewis R.
A2  - Gershon, Anne A.
Y1  - 2011
N1  - 
T2  - Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22e
AB  - The  role  of  cardiac  catheterization  for  children  with  congenital  heart  disease  has  changed  dramatically  over  the  past  10  years.  Improved  anatomic  imaging  of  complex  congenital  heart  disease  with  echocardiography,  computerized  tomography  (CT),  and  magnetic  resonance  imaging  (MRI)  has  made  catheter-based  angiography  nearly  obsolete  for  many  common  conditions.  Today,  most  surgical  patients  with  intracardiac  lesions  are  diagnosed  by  echocardiography  and  undergo  surgery  without  cardiac  catheterization.  MRI  or  CT  has  supplanted  cardiac  catheterization  as  the  preoperative  imaging  modality  for  aortic  arch  abnormalities  and  coronary  anomalies  in  many  institutions,  and  MRI  is  the  primary  modality  for  measuring  ventricular  volumes  and  semilunar  valve  insufficiency.  Transesophageal  echocardiography  supplements  direct  visualization  during  surgery  and  identifies  residual  abnormalities  that  can  be  promptly  addressed  intraoperatively,  reducing  the  need  for  postoperative  cardiac  catheterization.  Cardiac  catheterization  remains  the  primary  test  for  evaluating  complex  physiology  in  children  with  abnormal  pulmonary  vascular  resistance  and  reactivity,  complex  single  ventricle  anatomy,  multiple  obstructions  in  the  right  or  left  heart,  or  lesions  of  peripheral  pulmonary  arteries  not  seen  well  with  other  imaging  modalities.  Patients  may  need  cardiac  catheterization  to  assess  residual  defects  soon  after  surgery  when  surface  echo-Doppler  studies  may  be  less  accurate.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2022/08/10
UR  - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7049289
ER  -