TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Nutritional Support of the Critically ill Neonate
A1  - Rice, Melissa S.
A1  - Smith, Carrie
A1  - Valentine, Christina J.
A2  - Goday, Praveen S.
A2  - Mehta, Nilesh M.
Y1  - 2015
N1  - 
T2  - Pediatric Critical Care Nutrition
AB  - Over  the  last  30  years,  survival  rates  have  improved  among  preterm  infants  of  all  gestational  ages.1  With  increasing  survival  rates,  it  has  become  evident  that  neonatal  nutrition  is  important  to  prevent  postnatal  growth  restriction,  achieve  appropriate  body  composition,  and  prevent  neurodevelopmental  impairment.2  Nutrition  previously  provided  by  the  placenta  can  now  be  provided  as  parenteral  or  enteral  support  in  an  effort  to  allow  these  infants  to  mimic  intrauterine  growth  as  closely  as  possible.  Studies  have  shown  growth  velocity  alone  to  be  associated  with  developmental  outcomes,  emphasizing  the  importance  of  appropriate  nutrition  for  the  neonatal  population.2,3  Providing  the  best  nutrition  for  any  high-risk,  critically  ill  neonate  is  an  evolving  field,  and  determining  how  to  deliver  the  best  nutrition  for  gut  maturation  as  well  as  effective  nutrient  absorption  is  still  debated.  Previous  nutritional  strategies  emphasized  catch-up  growth  through  increased  calories,  with  an  emphasis  on  carbohydrate  and  lipid  intake.  This  nutritional  plan  led  to  late  catch-up  growth,  with  infants  that  were  shorter  and  fatter  than  term  infants  at  the  same  corrected  gestational  age.4  In  addition  to  providing  higher  calories,  new  data  have  shown  protein  to  be  an  important  component  for  lean  muscle  mass  synthesis  and  linear  growth.5  Appropriate  nutrition  is  also  important  to  prevent  anemia  of  prematurity  and  osteopenia  of  prematurity,  and  appears  to  play  an  important  role  in  prevention  of  necrotizing  enterocolitis  (NEC).6  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1105179137
ER  -