TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Evaluation and Management of the Multiple Trauma Patient A1 - Zonfrillo, Mark R. A2 - Schafermeyer, Robert A2 - Tenenbein, Milton A2 - Macias, Charles G. A2 - Sharieff, Ghazala Q. A2 - Yamamoto, Loren G. Y1 - 2014 N1 - T2 - Strange and Schafermeyer's Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 4e AB - Injury is the leading cause of death of children in the United States.Orotracheal intubation is the most reliable means of securing an airway.Hypovolemic shock is caused by blood loss, which makes up 8% to 9% of the body weight of a child. Determining the extent of volume depletion and shock requires evaluation of multiple parameters.Attempt vascular access en route.Intraosseous (IO) infusion should be used as a quick access for crystalloid infusion if attempts at intravenous (IV) cannulation are unsuccessful after 90 seconds.For shock, give an initial infusion of 20 mL/kg of crystalloid solution rapidly.Unique characteristics of the pediatric cervical spine (C-spine) predispose it to ligamentous disruption and dislocation injuries without radiographic evidence of bone injury. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1105680936 ER -