TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Urinary Tract Calcifications and Stones A1 - Wells, Robert G. Y1 - 2015 N1 - T2 - Diagnostic Imaging of Infants and Children AB - Calculus disease of the urinary tract encompasses calcifications and calculi of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Urolithiasis refers to the presence of stones within the lumen. This term includes calculi that form within a cavity that communicates with the collecting system, such as a calyceal diverticulum or bladder diverticulum. Subcategorization of calculous disease based on location within the urinary tract is often clinically useful. The term nephrolithiasis refers to calculi within the pelvicaliceal system. Nephrocalcinosis indicates the presence of intraparenchymal renal calcifications-cortical, medullary, or mixed. Medullary nephrocalcinosis can lead to urolithiasis by way of erosion of a stone into a calyx. The parenchymal calcification of nephrocalcinosis is usually metastatic, that is, calcification of otherwise normal renal tissue due to abnormally high levels of urinary or blood calcium. An additional category of urinary tract calcification is dystrophic calcification of abnormal tissue, which can occur with an inflammatory process, neoplasm, or renal cystic disease. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1148951571 ER -