TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Peritonitis A1 - Hay, Jr, William W. A1 - Levin, Myron J. A1 - Deterding, Robin R. A1 - Abzug, Mark J. PY - 2017 T2 - Quick Medical Diagnosis & Treatment Pediatrics AB - Most peritonitis is an acute medical emergencyPrimary bacterial peritonitisAccounts for < 2% of childhood peritonitisMost common causative organismsEscherichia coliOther enteric organismsHemolytic streptococciPneumococciOccurs in patients with splenectomy, splenic dysfunction, or ascites (nephrotic syndrome, advanced liver disease, kwashiorkor)Can also occur in infants with pyelonephritis or pneumoniaSecondary peritonitisMuch more commonAssociated with peritoneal dialysis, abdominal trauma, or ruptured viscusOrganisms such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida may cause secondary peritonitis in patients receiving peritoneal dialysisMultiple enteric organisms may be isolated after abdominal injury, bowel perforation, or ruptured appendicitisIntra-abdominal abscesses may form in pelvic, subhepatic, or subphrenic areasIn patients receiving peritoneal dialysis, peritonitis can be a chronic infection causing milder symptoms SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1145457750 ER -