TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Myeloid Malignancies A1 - Kolb, E. Anders A1 - Meshinchi, Soheil A2 - Kline, Mark W. PY - 2018 T2 - Rudolph's Pediatrics, 23e AB - Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for approximately 20% of cases of acute leukemia in children versus 80% of cases of acute leukemia among adults. Over the past 20 years, there has been little improvement in rates of cure for AML despite maximally intensive therapy; with intensive therapy, 50% to 60% of children with AML will survive. This is in contrast to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), where more than 85% of children will survive. In fact, survival rates in ALL continue to increase even with deintensification of treatment to reduce long-term side effects, and with improvement in quality of life in clearly defined subsets of children with ALL. AML therapy remains maximally toxic and requires multiple, near myeloablative courses of treatment with chemotherapeutic agents and often hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Recent progress in AML has largely been through the identification of genomically defined risk groups. Genetic events predictive of higher and lower cure rates permit the allocation of patients to conventional cytotoxic therapy or HSCT, respectively, while other genetic events provide promise for more targeted therapies. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182911188 ER -