TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Metabolism: Normal Mineral Homeostasis
A1  - Merchant, Nadia
A1  - Root, Allan
A1  - Lin, Yuezhen
A1  - Bacino, Carlos A.
A2  - Kline, Mark W.
PY  - 2018
T2  - Rudolph's Pediatrics, 23e
AB  - The  serum  calcium  concentration  is  tightly  regulated  by  the  kidney,  intestinal  tract,  and  bone  through  multiple  hormonal  pathways.  Over  98%  of  total  body  calcium  is  deposited  in  bone  along  with  phosphate  as  hydroxyapatite  [Ca10(PO4)10(OH)2].  About  1%  of  calcium  circulates  in  the  plasma  in  3  different  forms:  about  50%  is  a  physiologically  active  form  as  ionized  free  calcium  (Ca2+),  about  40%  of  calcium  is  inert  as  it  is  bound  to  albumin  and  globulins,  and  about  10%  is  complexed  with  citrate,  sulfate,  or  phosphate.  Total  plasma  calcium  measures  free  and  bound  calcium.  Measuring  only  total  plasma  calcium  concentration  is  usually  sufficient  for  clinical  purposes  since  its  values  correlate  with  free  Ca2+  levels.  However,  in  the  presence  of  hypoalbuminemia,  acid-base  disorders,  or  chronic  kidney  disease,  the  serum  calcium  and  Ca2+  levels  may  or  may  not  correlate.  Thus,  acidosis  decreases  calcium  binding  to  albumin,  thus  causing  increased  free  Ca2+  concentrations;  alkalosis  increases  calcium  binding  to  albumin  thus  having  the  opposite  effect.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/20
UR  - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182921217
ER  -