TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Uncomplicated Pneumonia A1 - Florin, Todd A. A1 - Shah, Samir S. A2 - Shah, Samir S. A2 - Kemper, Alex R. A2 - Ratner, Adam J. PY - 2019 T2 - Pediatric Infectious Diseases: Essentials for Practice, 2e AB - There is no single universally accepted definition for pneumonia; definitions range from sensitive to specific, depending on intended use. For example, the World Health Organization defines pneumonia as the presence of cough and fast or difficult breathing (above 50 breaths per minute for children aged 2–12 months; above 40 breaths per minute for children aged 12 months–5 years).1 This sensitive definition may encompass other causes of lower respiratory tract infection, including bronchiolitis as well as noninfectious causes of respiratory distress such as asthma but was designed to identify all cases of pneumonia given the high pneumonia-associated mortality in the developing world. More specific definitions for pneumonia usually combine clinical signs and symptoms with radiograph findings or microbiologic confirmation. A commonly used definition is “the presence of fever, acute respiratory symptoms, or both, plus evidence of parenchymal infiltrates on chest radiography.”2 This definition allows for the possibility of bacterial as well as viral causes of pneumonia. Varied definitions have led to substantial variation in the management of children with CAP.3–5 In 2011, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS) published evidence-based guidelines for the management of children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to address unwarranted variation and provide guidance for pediatric CAP diagnosis and management.6 SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1157321750 ER -